【摘要】 沙尘天气起沙过程是构成沙尘气溶胶循环的首要环节，定量和完整描述起沙过程是实现沙尘气溶胶准确模拟和预测的基础。起沙过程具有较强的非平稳性和非均匀性，存在间歇性特征，也称间歇性起沙，如何准确刻画间歇性起沙过程是当前沙尘研究中一项前沿科学难题。基于国内外近20年起沙过程的外场观测、风洞试验和数值模拟研究成果，回顾了间歇性起沙观测技术的发展及其发生条件和识别方法，总结了间歇性起沙的通量变化特征及边界层湍流结构和动力热力过程的作用机理，梳理了不同起沙机制条件下起沙参数化方案的发展及间歇性大气边界层和沙尘天气综合过程的表征，并针对目前研究中存在的问题和今后可能的发展方向提出建议：未来亟需开展大气边界层和沙尘天气综合野外观测试验，完善间歇性起沙识别方法，尤其关注湍流热力作用，发展间歇性起沙参数化方案并开展精细校验和评估。更多还原

【Abstract】 Dust emissions are primary component of the atmospheric dust cycle. A comprehensive and quantitative description of the dust emission process is the basis for accurate simulation and prediction of dust aerosols. Dust emission processes are highly unsteady, non-uniform, and has intermittent features, also known as intermittent dust emissions. Accurately characterizing intermittent dust emissions remains a key scientific challenge in current dust research. This study reviews research from the past two decades, spanning field experiments, wind tunnel tests, and numerical simulations, on intermittent dust emissions. It covers the development of observation techniques using high-frequency measurements, occurrence conditions, and identification methods based on turbulence thresholds and intermittent factors. The influence of boundary-layer turbulence structures and their thermodynamic and dynamic effects on intermittent dust emissions is also summarized. Advancements in parameterization schemes for different dust emission mechanisms are discussed,with a focus on methods incorporating gust variations, intermittent factors, or probability distributions of turbulence parameters to model intermittent dust emissions. Finally, suggestions are provided to address existing challenges in dust emission research and outline future research directions. In the future, more filed experiments of atmospheric boundary layer and dust emission processes need to conduct using high-frequency measurement techniques for dust saltation and emission. In the relevant studies of identification methods and formation mechanisms of intermittent dust emission, both of the dynamic and thermodynamic impact of turbulence should be considered. More attention should be paid on the intermittent dust emission processes caused by direct turbulence aerodynamic entrainment, typically without sand saltation activity. The intermittent dust emission parameterization schemes should be developed and evaluated using field experiment data, in order to improve the simulation and forecasting of dust aerosols and dust events.更多还原