【摘要】 本试验旨在研究不同添加剂对天然牧草青贮营养品质、发酵品质、微生物多样性、体外发酵参数及营养物质消化率的影响。试验以天然牧草作为青贮原料，采用单因素随机区组设计，设置6个组，即对照组（CK组，无添加）、甲酸（FA）组（添加6 mL/kg FA）、纤维素酶（CE）组（添加0.2 g/kg CE）、绿汁发酵液（FGJ）组（添加2 mL/kg FGJ）、黄芪多糖（APS）组（添加0.5%APS）、APS+FGJ（H）组（添加0.5%APS和2 mL/kg FGJ），每组5个重复，青贮60 d后对青贮饲料的营养品质、发酵品质、微生物多样性、体外发酵参数及营养物质消化率进行分析，采用隶属函数法进行综合评价。结果表明：1)与CK组相比，各组干物质（DM）和粗蛋白质（CP）含量均显著提高（P<0.05），丙酸（PA）含量显著降低（P<0.05）;H组乳酸（LA）含量显著提高（P<0.05）,pH、中性洗涤纤维（NDF）和酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）含量显著降低（P<0.05）。2)各组优势菌门均为厚壁菌门；与CK组相比，FGJ组和H组片球菌属相对丰度较高，分别为53.03%和41.95%。3)与CK组相比，各组体外发酵48 h后均可显著提高青贮饲料的体外干物质消化率（IVDMD）、体外中性洗涤纤维消化率（IVNDFD）和总挥发性脂肪酸（TVFA）含量（P<0.05），显著降低瘤胃液中氨态氮（NH₃-N）含量（P<0.05），其中H组IVDMD和IVNDFD最高；除FA组外，其他组乙酸/丙酸（AA/PA）显著降低（P<0.05）。4)隶属函综合评价结果显示，H组隶属函数值最高，为0.75。综上所述，5种添加剂均可提高天然牧草青贮饲料的营养品质、发酵品质、微生物多样性、体外发酵参数及营养物质消化率，其中以混合添加APS和FGJ对天然牧草青贮效果最好。更多还原

【Abstract】 This experiment aimed to investigate the effects of different additives on nutritional quality,fermentation quality,microbial diversity,in vitro fermentation parameters,and nutrient digestibility of natural pasture silage. The experiment used natural grass as ensiling material,using single factor randomized block design,set up 6 groups,namely control group（CK group,no addition）,formic acid（FA）group（6 mL/kg FA）,cellulase（CE）group（0.2 g/kg CE）,fermented green juice（FGJ）group（2 mL/kg FGJ）,Astragalus polysaccharide（APS）group（0.5% APS）,APS+FGJ（H）group（0.5% APS and 2 mL/kg FGJ）,five replicates in each group. After 60 days of silage,the nutritional quality,fermentation quality,microbial diversity,in vitro fermentation parameters and nutrient digestibility of silage were analyzed,and the membership function method was used for comprehensive evaluation. The results showed as follows:1)compared with CK group,dry matter（DM）and crude protein（CP）contents in each group significantly increased（P<0.05）while reducing propanoic acid（PA）content（P <0.05）;the lactic acid（LA）content in H group significantly increased（P<0.05）and pH,neutral detergent fiber（NDF）,and acid detergent fiber（ADF）contents significantly decreased（P<0.05）. 2)Firmicutes was the dominant phylum in all groups. Compared with CK group,the relative abundance of Pediococcus in FGJ and H groups was higher,which was 53.03% and 41.95%,respectively. 3)After 48 h of in vitro fermentation,in vitro dry matter digestibility（IVDMD）,in vitro NDF digestibility（IVNDFD）,and total volatile fatty acid（TVFA）content in each group significantly increased（P<0.05）,while reducing NH₃-N content in rumen fluid（P<0.05）. The H group achieved the highest IVDMD and IVNDFD. Except for FA,all groups significantly decreased the acetic acid/propionic acid（AA/PA）（P<0.05）. 4)The subordinate function evaluation ranked the highest in H group,with a score of 0.75. In conclusion,all five additives improve the nutritional quality,fermentation quality,microbial diversity,in vitro fermentation parameters,and nutrient digestibility of natural pasture silage. The combined application of APS and FGJ has the optimal ensiling performance.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2025,37（9）:6393-6406]更多还原