【摘要】 本试验旨在研究尿素和氢氧化钠（NaOH）复合处理对玉米秸秆营养成分、微生物组成及瘤胃降解特性的影响。试验设计包含尿素、NaOH添加量及水分含量3个因素，尿素添加量分别为0、2%、4%,NaOH添加量分别为0、2%、4%,2个水分含量分别为20%和40%，均以干物质（DM）为基础计算，共计18个处理，每个处理重复3次。室温密封处理30 d后采集样本，分析秸秆常规营养成分及微生物组成。选取3头体重为（360±20） kg、健康状况良好且安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的西门塔尔杂交肉牛作为试验动物。采用尼龙袋法测定秸秆DM、中性洗涤纤维（NDF）及酸性洗涤纤维（NDF）的瘤胃降解特性。结果表明：尿素和NaOH复合处理可显著提高秸秆pH和粗蛋白质（CP）含量（P<0.05），显著降低NDF和ADF含量（P<0.05），显著增加DM、NDF和ADF瘤胃有效降解率（P<0.05），以40%水分条件下，2%或4%尿素与4%NaOH复合处理DM、NDF和ADF瘤胃有效降解率最高，而20%水分条件下，2%或4%尿素与4%NaOH复合处理次之。尿素、NaOH添加量和水分含量均影响秸秆微生物的组成，且不同处理及不同水平之间存在一定差异。因此，尿素和NaOH复合处理可提高玉米秸秆营养价值，改善瘤胃降解特性，且在40%水分条件下处理效果最优。氨碱复合处理不仅是化学过程，也包含微生物驱动作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 The purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of urea and sodium hydroxide(NaOH)compound treatment on the nutritional composition,microbial composition and rumen degradation characteristics of corn stover. The experimental design included three factors:urea,NaOH supplemental levels and moisture content. Urea supplemental levels were 0,2% and 4%,respectively,while NaOH supplemental levels were 0,2% and 4%,respectively,and the two moisture contents were 20% and 40%,respectively,all calculated on the basis of dry matter(DM). A total of 18 treatments were performed and each treatment was repeated 3 times. The samples were collected after 30 days of sealed treatment at room temperature,and the conventional nutrient composition and microbial composition of corn stover were analyzed. Three Simental hybrid beef cattle weighing(360±20)kg,in good health and fitted with permanent rumen fistula were selected as experimental animals. The rumen degradation characteristics of DM,neutral detergent fiber(NDF)and acidic detergent fiber(NDF)were determined by nylon bag method. The results showed that the combined treatment of urea and NaOH could significantly increase the pH and crude protein(CP)content of stover(P<0.05),significantly reduce the contents of NDF and ADF(P<0.05),and significantly increase the effective degradation rate of DM,NDF and ADF in rumen(P<0.05). The highest effective degradability of DM,NDF,and ADF in the rumen was observed under the condition of 40% moisture content,with the compound treatment of 2% or4% urea and 4% NaOH. The compound treatment of 2% or 4% urea and 4% NaOH under the condition of20% moisture content was the second-highest. Urea,NaOH and moisture treatment all affected the composition of straw microorganisms,and there were significant differences between different treatments and different levels. Therefore,the combined treatment of urea and NaOH can improve the nutritional value of corn stover and improve the rumen degradation characteristics,and the treatment effect is optimal under the condition of 40%moisture. Ammonia-alkali complex treatment is not only a chemical process,but also includes microbial drive.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2025,37(6):4114-4127]更多还原