【摘要】 为了解黄河河南-山东段黄河鲤(Cyprinus carpio haematopterus)野生和养殖群体的种质资源现状，本研究基于线粒体COI基因序列，对黄河河南-山东段的6个野生和2个养殖群体，共计204尾黄河鲤样本进行了遗传多样性分析。研究结果表明，204条长度为628 bp的COI基因序列中，碱基A、T、C和G的平均含量分别为26.74%、27.41%、28.01%和17.84%,A+T的含量(54.15%)高于C+G的含量(45.85%),表现出明显的AT偏倚性。8个黄河鲤群体共检测到18个多态位点，定义了17个单倍型，Hap2、Hap4和Hap5出现频次最高，其中Hap4和Hap5为8个黄河鲤群体共有单倍型，分布于133个样本中，占总样本数的65.20%。核苷酸多样性(P_i)为0.000 97～0.002 54,单倍型多样性(H_d)为0.451～0.837,遗传多样性水平总体偏低，表现出高H_d低P_i。山东东阿(DE)群体的遗传多样性最高，其次为河南三门峡(SMX)群体、河南恼里(NL)群体，最低为河南养殖群体(HNYZ)群体。群体间Fst及遗传距离结果显示，黄河口(HHK)群体与其他群体间存在一定程度遗传分化，但不显著，HHK和DE群体的遗传距离最大，河南段柳园口(LYK)群体和河南养殖(HNYZ)群体的遗传距离最小；8个群体的分子方差分析(AMOVA)显示，变异主要来源于群体内，占总变异86.04%;中性检验和碱基错配分布结果分析表明，黄河鲤群体历史上可能经历过扩张或持续增长，当在环境、捕捞等外部压力减小的情况下种群可能实现快速补充，这为当前种群资源量匮乏形势下黄河鲤的种群资源恢复提供了良好信号。更多还原

【Abstract】 This study conducted a genetic diversity analysis based on mitochondrial COI gene sequences to assess the current status of germplasm resources in wild and farmed populations of Cyprinus carpio haematopterus from the Henan to Shandong section of the Yellow River.The analysis included 204 C.carpio haematopterus samples from six wild and two farmed populations.The results indicated that among the 204 COI gene sequences, each 628 bp in length, the average base content for A,T,C,and G was 26.74%,27.41%,28.01%,and 17.84%,respectively.The A+T content(54.15%) was higher than the C+G content(45.85%),indicating a clear AT bias.A total of 18 polymorphic sites were detected across the eight populations, defining 17 haplotypes.Haplotypes Hap2,Hap4,and Hap5 were the most frequent, with Hap4 and Hap5 being shared across all eight populations, present in 133 samples, and accounting for 65.20% of the total.Nucleotide diversity(P_i) ranged from 0.000 97 to 0.002 54,while haplotype diversity(H_d) ranged from 0.451 to 0.837,indicating an overall low level of genetic diversity characterized by high H_d and low P_i.The highest genetic diversity was observed in the Shandong Dong′e(DE) population, followed by the Sanmenxia(SMX) and Naoli(NL) populations, with the lowest in the Henan farmed population(HNYZ).Fst and genetic distance analyses revealed a certain degree of genetic differentiation between the Huanghekou(HHK) population and the others, though this was insignificant.The genetic distance between the HHK and DE populations was the greatest, while the distance between the LYK and HNYZ populations was the smallest.AMOVA analysis showed that most variation was within populations, accounting for 86.04% of the total variation.Neutrality tests and mismatch distribution analyses suggested that the C.carpio haematopterus populations might have experienced historical expansion or sustained growth.This implies that these populations could rapidly recover under reduced external pressures, such as ecological improvements or decreased fishing.This research offers a positive outlook for restoring C.carpio haematopterus resources amidst current resource shortages.更多还原