【摘要】 【目的】现阶段台风灾害知识服务常面临着“数据海量、知识难求、服务受限”的困境，如何从海量数据中快速凝练知识，提升台风灾害知识服务水平，减轻灾害带来的破坏性影响是当前研究的关键。大语言模型(LLMs)在自然语言处理领域展示出优异的性能，能够有效挖掘各类灾害信息，为深度灾害知识服务提供有效支撑。【方法】本研究深入解析了LLMs在台风灾害领域的应用前景，搭建了涵盖数据、知识、服务的台风灾害知识服务方法。【结果】就数据层到知识层而言，提出了基于Qwen2.5-Max的台风灾害知识图谱自动化构建方法。该方法首先提出了多层次台风灾害知识表达模型，而后构建了顾及时空特征和灾情影响的台风文本训练数据集。在此基础上采用“预训练+微调”的技术范式，实现了灾害数据到灾害知识的快速凝练。就知识层到服务层而言，提出了基于Qwen2.5-Max的台风灾害智能问答方法。该方法利用构建的台风灾害知识图谱，采取图检索增强生成(GraphRAG)方法，实现了基于图的灾害知识检索与面向用户的个性化防灾减灾指导方案生成。【结论】本研究充分展示了LLMs在台风灾害领域的广泛应用前景，也为LLMs与地理信息技术的交叉融合打下了基础，有望推动地理人工智能的进一步发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 [Objectives] This study addresses the critical challenges in typhoon disaster knowledge services,which are often hindered by "massive data, scarce knowledge, and limited services. " The core objective is to rapidly distill actionable knowledge from vast datasets to enhance disaster management efficacy and mitigate typhoon-related impacts. Large Language Models(LLMs), renowned for their superior performance in natural language processing, are leveraged to deeply mine disaster-related information and provide robust support for advanced knowledge services. [Methods] This research establishes a typhoon disaster knowledge service framework encompassing three layers: data, knowledge, and service. [Results] For the data-to-knowledge layer, an LLMdriven(Qwen2.5-Max) automated method for constructing typhoon disaster Knowledge Graphs(KGs) is proposed. This method first introduces a multi-level typhoon disaster knowledge representation model that integrates spatiotemporal characteristics and disaster impact mechanisms. A specialized training dataset is curated, incorporating typhoon-related texts with explicit temporal and spatial attributes. By adopting a "pretraining + fine-tuning" paradigm, the framework efficiently transforms raw disaster data into structured knowledge. For the knowledge-to-service layer, an LLM-based intelligent question-answering system is developed. Utilizing the constructed typhoon disaster KG, this system employs Graph Retrieval-Augmented Generation(Graph RAG) to retrieve contextually relevant knowledge from the graph and generate user-specific disaster prevention and mitigation guidance. This approach ensures seamless conversion of structured knowledge into practical services, such as personalized evacuation plans and resource allocation strategies.[Conclusions] The study highlights the transformative potential of LLMs in typhoon disaster management and lays a foundation for integrating LLMs with geospatial technologies. This interdisciplinary synergy advances Geographic Artificial Intelligence(GeoAI) and paves the way for innovative applications in disaster service.更多还原