【摘要】 静止轨道微波探测卫星搭载微波探测仪，利用平台相对地球静止特点，以及微波对云雨的穿透能力，可以对大气实现高频次、全天时和全天候观测，为数值天气预报、灾害性天气研究提供高价值数据。本文对正在研制中的中国风云四号静止轨道微波卫星探测能力进行了较全面的介绍和分析，其搭载的毫米波亚毫米波探测仪新增加了现有低轨卫星上所没有的55 GHz微波高光谱频段和380～425 GHz太赫兹通道，极大拓展了探测仪对大气状态、云参数的观测能力。通过仿真技术给出了卫星特有的观测几何特点，结合ARMS(Advanced Radiative Transfer Modeling System)快速模式和背景场，以1小时分辨率模拟了典型台风云雨场景下探测仪所有通道的亮温观测值，展示了微波星的观测特点，为未来应用提供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Geostationary orbit microwave sounding satellites carrying microwave sounders leverage the relatively stationary characteristics of the platform, as well as the microwave’s ability to penetrate clouds and rain, to achieve highfrequency, all-day, and all-weather atmospheric observations. Thus, these satellites provide high-value data for numerical weather forecasting and disaster weather research. This study analyzes the sounding capability of the Chinese Fengyun-4geostationary orbit microwave satellite, which is currently under development. The observation method and product system are introduced in this paper. The submillimeter wave sounder enables the 55 GHz microwave hyperspectral frequency band and the 380–425 GHz terahertz channel, which are not available on existing low-orbit satellites, greatly expanding the ability of the sounder to observe atmospheric status and cloud parameters. The unique observation geometry characteristics of the satellite are explained through simulation technology in this study. Furthermore, the brightness temperatures of typical channels for detecting temperature and humidity, as well as the terahertz channels, are simulated using the ARMS fast mode and atmospheric backgrounds under a typhoon background. The simulations display the observational characteristics of the microwave satellite and provide references for future applications.更多还原