【摘要】 2024年1月23日，南天山与塔里木盆地交界处的迈丹断层发生了M_W7.0地震，这是近百年来发生在该断层最大的一次地震.当前研究利用InSAR数据反演的单一倾角断层模型与地震反射剖面约束的变倾角断层几何不相符，且鲜有关于此次地震震后过程如何补偿同震滑动亏损的机理研究.鉴于此，本文首先基于InSAR数据获取了乌什地震同震及震后十个月的地表形变场，根据同震升降轨形变场通过网格搜索法确定最优的断层几何模型，基于最优铲状断层几何反演乌什同震滑动分布，并计算库仑应力变化.同时，本文利用同震形变场模拟孔隙弹性回弹，利用震后地表形变数据反演断层运动学余滑.结果表明，乌什地震最优断层几何为顶部倾角63°，底部倾角44°的变倾角铲状断层，同震滑动主要集中在5～20 km的深度，最大滑动量为2.35 m.震后早期最大LOS向形变量约为7 cm，震后余滑主要分布在同震浅部滑动亏损区域，最大滑动量约为16.5 cm，最大滑动位于地下2 km处.库仑应力变化结果显示，在同震滑动区域的顶部存在明显的库仑应力加载，这与M_W5.7余震滑动区域以及震后余滑区域吻合，说明乌什地震同震阶段未完全释放的库仑应力通过M_W5.7余震和震后余滑的形式部分释放.更多还原

【Abstract】 On January 23,2024,an M_W7.0 earthquake occurred along the Maidan Fault at the boundary between the south Tian Shan and Tarim Basin,marking the largest earthquake along this fault in nearly a century. But currently the single-dip fault models inverted using InSAR data are inconsistent with the curved fault geometry constrained by seismic reflection profiles, and how the postseismic processes compensate for the coseismic slip deficit remains unclear. In this study,we first obtained the coseismic and postseismic deformation fields of the Wushi earthquake based on InSAR data. Using the coseismic ascending and descending track data, we determined the optimal fault geometry model through a grid search method. Based on this optimal listric fault geometry,we inverted the coseismic slip distribution of the Wushi earthquake and calculated the Coulomb stress changes. Additionally,the coseismic deformation fields were utilized to simulate poroelastic rebound,and the postseismic deformation data were used to invert the kinematic afterslip of the fault. The results show that the seismogenic fault of the Wushi earthquake is a listric fault geometry with a dip angle of 63° at the top and 44° at the bottom. The coseismic slip is primarily concentrated in depths of 5 ～ 20 km,with a maximum slip of ～2.35 m.Postseismic afterslip is identified as the primary mechanism driving postseismic deformation,and the afterslip is mainly distributed in the shallow slip deficit area of the coseismic slip,with a maximum slip of ～16.5 cm below the surface of ～2 km. Furthermore,the Coulomb stress change results indicate significant stress loading in the up-dip and down-dip regions of the coseismic slip area,consistent with the M_W5.7 aftershock and the postseismic afterslip region. Therefore,the unreleased Coulomb stress during the coseismic phase of the Wushi earthquake was partially released through the M_W5.7 aftershock and postseismic afterslip.更多还原