【摘要】 海底热液多金属硫化物矿床是一种重要的金属矿产资源，自然电场法对其有独特的响应，可以快速圈定矿床范围.认识海底热液硫化物矿床产生自然电场异常的机制机理，掌握相应的自然电位信号特征，可以为深海金属矿产勘探开发提供理论支持.本文基于镜像法对层状模型中的等效电偶极子自然电场进行正演数值计算.开展了实验室物理模拟实验，对不同组成、不同埋藏方式的矿物产生的自然电位信号进行分析，对潜在的地电池模型进行了模拟.数值计算和物理模拟实验表明海底热液多金属硫化矿床在层状模型中产生的自然电位信号特征与矿产极化角度、信号观测方式等因素紧密相关.同时发现不同组成成分的矿体会因不同金属的氧化还原能力形成不同的地电池模型，产生不同特征的自然电位信号，组成成分类似的矿物也会因赋存形式的不同引起自然电位信号的差异.这些研究工作可以为更好地理解海底热液多金属硫化物矿物自然电场机制机理，为自然电场数据分析与解释提供参考.更多还原

【Abstract】 Hydrothermal polymetallic sulfide deposits on the seafloor are important metal mineral resources.The self-potential method has unique applicability to these deposits, enabling rapid delineation of deposit boundaries. Understanding the relationship between the self-potential signal characteristics of hydrothermal sulfide deposits on the seafloor and the ore-forming mechanisms is beneficial for providing theoretical support to deep-sea mineral exploration and development. This study used the mirror method to conduct forward numerical modeling of the self-potential of dipole sources in layered models, carried out small-scale experiments in the laboratory, analyzed the self-potential signals produced by minerals with different compositions and burial modes,and predicted the potential geobattery model. The experimental results show that:(1) the characteristics of selfpotential signals generated by hydrothermal polymetallic sulfide deposits on the seafloor in layered models are closely related to factors such as polarization angle and measurement depth;(2) mineral bodies with different compositions form distinct geobattery models due to the varying redox abilities of different metals, resulting in distinct features of self-potential signals. Minerals with similar composition will also produce different SP signals due to different forms of occurrence; This research can provide reference for the exploration of hydrothermal polymetallic sulfide deposits on the seafloor and the analysis and interpretation of self-potential signals.更多还原