【摘要】 近年来，中国超大特大城市快速发展、吸引大量青年人口涌入，但城市的宜居水平却没有得到相匹配的提升；尤其是青年人所面临的通勤不便、公共服务不足等问题尤为突出。因此，了解和掌握青年人在城市中的宜居情况和空间需求，是超大特大城市开展城市体检、实施城市更新、探索现代化治理需要关注的重要内容。既往学术界多是基于物质空间的视角，通过客观描述城市空间特征或建立评价指标体系等方式，对大城市开展宜居情况的研究和评价。本文全面从人的行为和感知出发，将基于人群行为的客观评价和基于人群感知的主观评价相结合，利用人在城市中生活的多源时空大数据和社交网络大数据，分别绘制超大特大城市青年人宜居情况的客观数字画像和主观感知画像，形成综合宜居画像。结果表明：在客观方面，青年人相较于其他人群通勤时间明显偏长，“居住边缘化、就业中心化”特征显著，青年人集聚区的幼儿园/托儿所、公园/广场等设施服务水平普遍显著偏低；在主观方面，青年人相较于其他人群承受着更大的工作和生存压力，并重点关注公交地铁、停车、非机动车等交通问题，以及教育升学、儿童活动、休闲娱乐等日常生活问题。进而提出与人的行为和感知特征相匹配的“人-空间”精准适配的空间优化策略。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years, the rapid development of China’s super large-sized cities and very large-sized cities “(mega-cities” for short) has attracted a large number of young people into the city, but the livable level of the city has not been matched to improve; especially for young people, inconvenient commuting and insufficient public services are particularly prominent. Therefore, understanding and addressing the living conditions and spatial needs of young urban populations is a crucial aspect of urban health examinations, urban renewal initiatives, and the development of modern governance frameworks in mega-cities. Based on the perspective of material space, the academic circle carried out research and evaluation on the livability of big cities by objectively describing the spatial characteristics or establishing an evaluation index system. Starting from human behavior and perception, this study integrates objective evaluations derived from crowd behavior with subjective assessments based on public perception. Utilizing multi-source spatiotemporal big data and urban social network data, it constructs both objective digital profiles and subjective perceptual portraits of urban livability for young populations in mega-cities. The results show that: From the objective perspective, young adults exhibit significantly longer commuting times compared to other demographic groups, along with pronounced patterns of “residential marginalization and employment centralization”. Furthermore, the provision of facilities such as kindergartens, nurseries, parks, and squares in youth-concentrated areas is generally and markedly inadequate. From the subjective perspective, compared with other demographic groups, young people face greater pressure from work and survival, and their concerns are focused on transportation issues such as bus and subway, parking, non-motor vehicles, and daily life problems such as education, children’s activities, leisure and entertainment. Then, a “human-space” spatial optimization strategy, which aligns with human behavior patterns and perceptual characteristics, is proposed.更多还原