【摘要】 为探讨Cu²⁺胁迫对花斑裸鲤（Gymnocypris eckloni）肾脏免疫应答和氧化应激相关基因表达的影响，以3龄花斑裸鲤为研究对象，在0.01 mg/L的CuSO₄·5H₂O胁迫0、6、36、72 h后，运用转录组学分析了Cu²⁺胁迫对花斑裸鲤肾脏中免疫应答和氧化应激相关基因表达的影响。结果表明：在Cu²⁺胁迫下，花斑裸鲤肾脏筛选出6个显著变化的免疫相关基因（HIF1A、Golph3、Susd2、CXCL8、H2-Eb1、TOP2B）和2个显著变化的应激相关基因（INIP和ATP8B2）;其中，在Cu²⁺胁迫下，HIF1A的表达分别在6、36、72 h均显著上调，但不同胁迫时长中表达保持稳定；Golph3基因在Cu²⁺毒性应激下迅速上调，可能作为对抗Cu²⁺毒性的关键预警系统；Susd2显著上调并激活NF-κB通路，有助于花斑裸鲤肾脏抵御重金属损伤；CXCL8在胁迫初期上调，但随胁迫时间延长表达下降；H2-Eb1和TOP2B的表达具有时间依赖性，分别在早期上调和后期下调；INIP在胁迫初期显著下降，但在36 h时显著上调；ATP8B2在早期胁迫时正常表达，但随胁迫时间延长表达受抑制；研究结果显示，Cu²⁺胁迫对花斑裸鲤肾脏的免疫应答和氧化应激相关基因表达具有复杂且多样的影响，这些基因的表达变化反映了花斑裸鲤肾脏在应对Cu²⁺胁迫时的多种适应机制及可能遭受的损伤。本研究为深入解析花斑裸鲤在重金属胁迫下的分子应答机制提供了科学依据，也为保护花斑裸鲤及其他水生生物免受重金属污染危害提供了科学参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 The study was to explore the effects of Cu²⁺ stress on expression of genes related to the immune response and oxidative stress in the kidney of Gymnocypris eckloni. Three-year-old fish were exposed to 0.01 mg/L CuSO₄·5H₂O for 0, 6, 36, and 72 h respectively. At each time point, the kidney samples were taken, and transcriptomic analysis of kidney tissues was conducted to measure the expression of genes related to immunity and oxidative stress. Six significantly altered immune-related genes（HIF1A, Golph3, Susd2, CXCL8, H2-Eb1, TOP2B） and two significantly altered stress-related genes（INIP and ATP8B2） were detected in the kidneys of G. eckloni under Cu²⁺ stress. Among them, the expression of HIF1A was significantly up-regulated at 6, 36, and 72 h of Cu²⁺ stress, but its expression remained stable in the K1, K2, and K3 experimental groups. Golph3 expression was rapidly up-regulated, suggesting that it might be a key early-warning sign of Cu²⁺ toxicity. Susd2 expression was significantly up-regulated under Cu²⁺ stress and activated the NF-κB pathway to help the kidney resist heavy metal damage. Expression of CXCL8 was up-regulated at the initial stage of stress, but its expression decreased over time. H2-Eb1 and TOP2B expressions were up-regulated at the early stage and down-regulated at the later stage, respectively. The expression of INIP was significantly down-regulated at the initial stage of Cu²⁺ stress and significantly up-regulated at 36 h. ATP8B2 expression was normal during the initial phase of stress but suppressed with prolonged stress duration. In conclusion, Cu²⁺ stress has complex and diverse effects on the expressions of genes related to the immune response and oxidative stress in the kidney of G. eckloni. The changes in the expressions of these genes reflect various adaptation mechanisms and possible damage as the kidney of G. eckloni copes with Cu²⁺ stress. The research results provide an important theoretical basis for further analysis of the molecular response mechanism of G. eckloni exposed to heavy metal stress and also provide scientific references for protecting this species and other aquatic organisms from heavy metal pollution.更多还原