【摘要】 为提高FeMnSi记忆合金的应力自适应特性，研究了通过激光合金化在316不锈钢表面制备FeMnSiCrNi记忆合金涂层的工艺及性能。利用有限元分析软件ANSYS对熔池形状与尺寸进行仿真，优化后的最佳工艺参数为激光功率2000 W、扫描速率400 mm/min、离焦距离-30 mm、重叠率50%。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)等设备，分析涂层的微观结构、残余应力、力学性能及耐磨性。结果表明，涂层与316不锈钢基体形成良好的冶金结合，结构致密，主要由γ奥氏体相和部分ε马氏体相组成；激光合金化过程中产生的残余应力诱发了γ→ε马氏体相变，涂层的残余应力呈“压应力→拉应力→压应力”分布；FeMnSiCrNi涂层硬度明显高于基体，且摩擦系数较低，在不同载荷下，FeMnSiCrNi涂层的摩擦系数和磨损量均显著优于316不锈钢基体。试验结果表明，激光合金化的FeMnSi记忆合金涂层具备优异的力学性能与耐磨性，验证了γ→ε马氏体相变对涂层性能的优化作用，为高性能记忆合金材料的设计提供了理论依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 To improve the stress adaptive properties of FeMnSi memory alloy, the process and properties of preparing FeMnSiCrNi memory alloy coating on 316 stainless steel surface by laser alloying were studied. Finite element analysis software ANSYS was used to simulate the shape and size of the molten pool, while the optimized optimal process parameters are laser power of 2000 W, scanning speed of 400 mm/min, defocus distance of-30 mm, and overlap rate of 50%. The scanning electron microscopy(SEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD) and other equipments were used to analyze the microstructure, residual stress, mechanical properties and wear resistance of the coating. The results show that the coating forms a good metallurgical bond with the 316 stainless steel substrate, with a dense structure mainly composed of γ austenite phase and some ε martensite phase. The residual stress generated during the laser alloying process induces the γ →ε martensitic transformation, and the residual stress of the coating follows a distribution of “compressive stress → tensile stress → compressive stress”. The hardness of FeMnSiCrNi coating is significantly higher than that of the substrate, and the friction coefficient is lower. Under different loads, the friction coefficient and wear amount of FeMnSiCrNi coating are significantly better than those of 316 stainless steel substrate. Moreover, experimental results show that the laser alloyed FeMnSi memory alloy coating has excellent mechanical properties and wear resistance, verifying the optimization effect of the γ →ε martensitic transformation on the coating properties and providing a theoretical basis for the design of high-performance memory alloy materials.更多还原