【摘要】 熔盐储热利用液态盐温度升高吸热和温度降低放热实现热量的储存和释放。储热使用的熔盐一般是两种以上无机盐按照一定比例混合形成的共晶混合盐，具有液体温域宽、温差大、储热密度大和寿命长的优势。熔盐储热一般用双罐液体显热储热方案，具有储热释热换热器/电加热器进出口参数恒定、取热流体出口温度与热盐罐温度接近、控制简单等优势，在光热发电、火电厂储热调峰、熔盐直接/热泵储热发电、熔盐储热供热供汽、压缩空气储能压缩热储存等领域具有广阔的应用场景，是一种低成本、大容量和长寿命的长时储能技术。熔盐储热的关键技术与难点是低熔点、高分解温度、低腐蚀、低成本、热稳定好的混合熔盐及其复合储热材料的研发、大进出口温差熔盐换热器和高电压熔盐电加热器的研发、熔盐储热耦合新型能源系统的集成调控和优化。目前，全球已有三十多座集成大容量储热的光热电站投入商业化运行(总装机容量超过了300万kW),最长的熔盐储热光热电站已经成功运行18年，近几年在中国，华能魏家峁、国信靖江、华能海门、华能德州等相继建成了一批火电厂熔盐储热调峰示范工程。同时也在河北、北京、浙江等地相继建成了数座熔盐储热供热供汽示范工程，辽河油田建成了电热熔盐储能注汽试验站。目前，北京工业大学已经成功开发了熔点在100～160℃、分解温度在560～740℃的系列低熔点、宽液体温域混合熔盐优化配方，并已在熔盐传热储热工程中得到了规模化长时间使用。浙江绿储、华源前线等公司相继研发成功了高电压熔盐电加热器。更多还原

【Abstract】 Molten salt heat storage utilizes liquid salt to absorb heat as the temperature increases and release heat as the temperature decreases. The molten salt used for heat storage is generally a eutectic mixed salt formed by mixing two or more inorganic salts in a certain proportion, which has the advantages of wide liquid temperature range, large temperature difference, high heat storage density, and long service life. Molten salt thermal storage generally uses a dual tank liquid sensible heat storage scheme, which has the advantages of constant inlet and outlet parameters of the heat storage and release heat exchanger/electric heater, small temperature difference between hot fluid outlet and hot salt tank, and simple control. It has a wide range of application scenarios in the fields of solar thermal power generation, peak shaving system of coal-fired unit aided by molten salt heat storage, molten salt direct/heat pump thermal storage and power generation, molten salt thermal storage for heating and steam supply, compressed air energy storage and compressed heat storage, etc. It is a medium to long term energy storage technology with low-cost, large capacity and long-life. The key technologies and difficulties of molten salt thermal storage are the research and development of mixed molten salt and its composite thermal storage materials with low melting point, high decomposition temperature, low corrosion, low-cost and thermally stable, the research and development of large inlet and outlet temperature difference molten salt heat exchangers and high-voltage molten salt electric heaters, and the integrated regulation and optimization of a new energy system coupled with molten salt thermal storage. At present, more than 30 integrated large capacity thermal storage solar thermal power plants have been put into commercial operation worldwide(with a total installed capacity of over 3 million kilowatts). The longest molten salt thermal storage solar thermal power plant has been successfully operating for 18 years. In recent years, in China, Huaneng Weijiamao, Guoxin Jingjiang, Huaneng Haimen, Shandong Dezhou and other thermal power plants have successively built several molten salt thermal storage peak shaving demonstration projects. At the same time, several molten salt thermal storage heating and steam supply demonstration projects have also been built in Hebei, Beijing, Zhejiang and other places. The Liaohe Oilfield has built an electric molten salt energy storage injection test station. At present, Beijing University of Technology has successfully developed a series of low melting point, high decomposition temperature, wide liquid temperature range mixed molten salt optimization formulas with melting points between 100～160 ℃ and decomposition temperatures between 560～740 ℃, and has been widely used in molten salt heat transfer and storage engineering for a long time. Zhejiang Green Storage, Huayuan Frontline and other companies have successively developed high-voltage molten salt electric heaters.更多还原