【摘要】 放射防护标准是发展核科学技术和放射防护学及其事业的纲，尤其放射防护基本标准的举足轻重作用不言而喻。当我国放射防护基本标准迄今的四代沿革及尽快更新引起了社会各界高度重视时，必然需要同时解决相关专业术语概念的标准化规范问题。故此文特梳理较主要的五个为什么之管见作认真剖析辨识。(1)为什么“电离辐射防护”的简称应当是“放射防护”而不宜用含混的“辐射防护”?(2)为什么必须科学严谨地解析放射防护拟聚焦针对的“源项”以选准关键词才能有的放矢避免歧义?(3)为什么作为制定放射防护标准主要依据的国际放射防护委员会(ICRP)放射防护体系中有关术语翻译最重要在于力求准确表达?(4)为什么必须从核科学技术和放射防护学业界内认真地解决有关专业术语概念的“拨乱反正”?(5)为什么全社会必须崇尚恪守科学精神与严谨作风，绝对不应迁就滥用专业术语概念的不良风气?祈盼藉此抛砖引玉力促集思广益凝聚共识，不懈推动核科学技术及其广泛应用和放射防护学及其事业更加欣欣向荣地发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 Radiological protection standards are the guidelines for the development of radiological protection science and its implementation. The crucial role of basic standards for radiological protection is self-evident. When the four generations of evolution and updates of China′s basic standards for radiological protection have attracted high attention from all sectors of society, it is necessary to simultaneously address the standardization of relevant professional terminology concepts. Therefore, this article carefully analyzes and identifies the main five Whys perspectives.(1)Why should the abbreviation for "protection against ionizing radiation" be "radiological protection" instead of "radiation protection" (2)Why it is necessary to scientifically and rigorously analyze the "source term" that radiological protection focuses on in order to select the right keywords and avoid ambiguity?(3)Why is the translation of relevant terms in the ICRP radiological protection system, which serves as the main basis for formulating radiological protection standards, primarily focused on the pursuit of accurate expression?(4)Why it is necessary to "bring order out of chaos" for professional terminology concepts within the fields of nuclear science and technology as well as radiological protection?(5)Why must the whole society uphold and adhere to the spirit of science and rigorous work style, and should never tolerate the unhealthy trend of abusing professional terminology and concepts? It is hoped that this article will serve as a catalyst to build common understanding and promote better and more dynamic development of nuclear science and technology, their wide-ranging applications and the closely related science of radiological protection.更多还原