【摘要】 [目的]为提升微型电动机的使用寿命，需降低电机轴与滑动轴承之间的磨损与腐蚀速率。为此开展电机轴化学镀不同Ni–P合金基复合镀层的性能对比研究，以筛选较优镀层。[方法]在酸性化学镀镍液中添加微米级聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）或Al₂O₃颗粒，于中碳钢电机轴表面化学镀得到Ni–P、Ni–P–PTFE和Ni–P–Al₂O₃镀层，对比了不同镀层的表面形貌、显微硬度、结合力及致密性。通过电机轴与铜基滑动轴承的摩擦磨损试验评估镀层耐磨性，采用中性盐雾（NSS）试验检测镀层耐蚀性。[结果]与Ni–P合金镀层相比，Ni–P–PTFE复合镀层的致密性与结合力更优，但显微硬度较低；Ni–P–Al₂O₃复合镀层的致密性和结合力不如Ni–P合金镀层，但其显微硬度更高。Ni–P–PTFE复合镀层能够耐受48 h中性盐雾腐蚀，其耐蚀性在三者中最强。[结论]Ni–P–PTFE复合镀层具有较优的综合性能，是提升电机轴与滑动轴承耐磨损和耐腐蚀性能的最佳选择。更多还原

【Abstract】 [Objective] To extend the service life of micro-motors, it is essential to reduce the wear and corrosion rate between motor shaft and sliding bearing. This study compares the properties of different Ni–P-based composite coatings prepared by electroless plating on motor shafts, aiming to identify the optimal coating. [Method] Ni–P, Ni–P–PTFE, and Ni–P–Al₂O₃ coatings were prepared on medium-carbon steel motor shafts by electroless plating in an acidic bath containing micron polytetrafluoroethylene（PTFE） or Al₂O₃ particles. The surface morphology, microhardness, adhesion, and compactness of the coatings were characterized. The wear resistance was evaluated via friction and wear test against copper-based sliding bearings, and the corrosion resistance was examined through neutral salt spray（NSS） test. [Result] Compared with Ni–P alloy coating, the Ni–P–PTFE composite coating exhibited better compactness and adhesion but lower microhardness. The Ni–P–Al₂O₃ composite coating showed higher microhardness but inferior compactness and adhesion relative to Ni–P alloy coating. The Ni–P–PTFE coating demonstrated the best corrosion resistance, enduring 48 hours of NSS testing without failure. [Conclusion] The Ni–P–PTFE composite coating has superior overall performance, making it the best choice for enhancing the wear and corrosion resistance of motor shafts and sliding bearings.更多还原