【摘要】 中俄原油管道工程的施工、运行与维护会对沿线森林生态系统带来干扰，致使局部生境的群落结构发生变化.为了解工程建设10年后干扰区域内的植物群落情况，通过管道穿越的6种群落类型：越橘-兴安落叶松林群落、兴安杜鹃-兴安落叶松林群落、越橘-杜香-兴安落叶松林群落、兴安杜鹃-白桦林群落、草类-白桦林群落、杜香-白桦林群落，采用样方法对干扰区域(管线上方)与相邻未受干扰区域(林内)的植物群落组成进行了调查，利用方差分析和主成分分析对不同区域的植物多样性进行了比较和评价.结果表明：不同群落类型之间管线上方的优势物种表现出趋同性，物种数量管线上方已接近林内水平，物种组成管线上方与林内处于中等不相似水平；在灌木层中草类-白桦林群落的植物多样性指标管线上方显著低于林内(P<0.05),其他群落类型管线上方高于林内但差异不显著(P>0.05),在草本层中的影响不明显；综合评价结果显示越橘-杜香-兴安落叶松林群落、兴安杜鹃-白桦林群落以及杜香-白桦林群落的管线上方灌木层和草本层的植物多样性状况已恢复至林内水平.经过10年的自然恢复，管线上方植物群落的物种演替是沿着正向演替的方向进行的；除草类-白桦林群落外，其他群落类型的物种丰富度指数在灌木层中有所增长，在草本层中有所降低，但变化程度各有不同，Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数在灌木层和草本层中均有所增长且多达到显著程度(P<0.05);近10年植物多样性综合恢复率白桦林背景下的植物群落快于兴安落叶松林背景下的植物群落.更多还原

【Abstract】 The construction, operation and maintenance of the China-Russia crude oil pipeline brought disturbance to the forest ecosystems along the line, resulting in changes in the community structure of local habitats.It is not clear the status of plant communities in the disturbed area 10 years after the construction of the project.In this study, 6 community types(Vaccinium vitis-idaea-Larix gmelinii,Rhododendron dauricum-Larix gmelinii,Vaccinium vitis-idaea-Rhododendron tomentosum-Larix gmelinii,Rhododendron dauricum-Betula platyphylla,Grass-Betula platyphylla,Rhododendron tomentosum-Betula platyphylla) traversed by the China-Russia crude oil pipeline were selected to conduct our research.Both plant communities above and far from the pipeline were investigated of plant community composition with quadrat sampling method.The variance analysis method and principal component analysis method are used to compare and evaluate the plant diversity of different community types.The results show that the dominant species above the pipeline among different community types show similarity.The number of species above the pipeline has approached that of in the forest, and the species composition above the pipeline is at a moderate level of dissimilarity with that in the forest.In the shrub layer, the plant diversity index of Grass-Betula were significantly lower above the pipeline than in the forest(P <0.05),while other community types were higher above the pipeline than in the forest but generally not significant(P >0.05).The effects were not evident in the herb layer.The comprehensive assessment results show that the plant diversity status of the shrub layer and herb layer in Vaccinium vitis-idaea-Rhododendron tomentosum-Larix gmelinii,Rhododendron dauricum-Betula platyphylla,and Rhododendron tomentosum-Betula platyphylla has been restored to the level of undisturbed areas.After 10 years of natural restoration, the species in the plant communities above the pipeline proceeded along the direction of positive succession.In addition to theGrass-Betula platyphylla,the species richness index of other community types has increased in the shrub layer and decreased in the herb layer, but the degree of change varies.The Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Pielou evenness index both increased in the shrub layer and herb layer, with most reaching a significant level(P<0.05).In recent 10 years, the comprehensive recovery rate of plant diversity in the plant community under the background of Betula platyphylla forest is faster than that under the background of Larix gmelinii forest.更多还原