【摘要】 为获得能够用于进一步杂交的种间杂交F1代，培育出兼具优良观赏特性和较强适应性的绣球种间杂交品种，以大叶绣球‘星之樱’(H.macrophylla‘Hoshinosakura’)和中国绣球(H.chinensis)种间杂交F1代为材料，通过花粉形态观察、花粉活力及粒径测定、花粉原位萌发、花粉管伸长和回交结实情况统计，探讨了种间杂交F1代不同株系的雄性育性；同时，为探究导致雄性不育的原因，观察了F1代小孢子母细胞减数分裂行为。结果表明：F1代80.42%的花粉形态呈现圆形；但花粉活力极低，平均活力为3.14%;花粉粒径显著低于双亲本，主要分布于10～13μm; F1代花粉均能在母本柱头上附着萌发，不同个体在柱头上花粉的萌发数目、萌发时间和伸长进入子房内的花粉管密度存在差异；F1代回交母本结实率从0至63.41%不等，结实率高的个体，果实内的饱满种子也多。F1代中，XZ7为雄性育性最好的株系，可以用于进一步的回交育种。超过半数的F1代小孢子母细胞减数分裂出现异常，中期Ⅱ和后期Ⅱ异常频率最高，分别为82.90%和74.30%。减数分裂时，染色体行为异常导致花粉遗传物质不均衡，从而引起花粉形态、活力、粒径和萌发异常，致使大叶绣球‘星之樱’和中国绣球种间杂交F1代雄性不育。更多还原

【Abstract】 To obtain interspecific hybrid F1 generation that can be used for further hybridization and to cultivate hydrangea interspecific hybrid varieties with excellent ornamental characteristics and strong adaptability, H. macrophylla ‘Hoshinosakura’ and the interspecific hybrid F1 generation of H. chinensis were used as materials. The study examined the male fertility of different lines in the interspecific hybrid F1 generation through pollen morphology observation, pollen viability and size determination, in situ pollen germination, pollen tube elongation, and statistics on the setting of backcrossed seeds. Additionally, to explore the causes of male sterility, the meiosis behavior of the microspore mother cells in the F1 generation was observed. The results showed that 80.42% of the F1 generation pollen grains were round in shape. However, the pollen viability was extremely low, with an average vitality of only 3.14%. The pollen grain size was significantly smaller than that of the parental lines, primarily ranging from 10 to 13 μm. Pollen grains from the F1 generation were able to adhere and germinate on the stigmas of the female parent, but there were differences among individuals in the number of pollen grains germinated, the germination time, and the density of pollen tubes that elongated into the ovary. The setting rate of seeds from backcrossing with the F1 generation ranged from 0% to 63.41%, with individuals exhibiting higher setting rates also having a greater number of filled seeds within the fruits. Among the F1 generation, line XZ7 showed the best male fertility and can be utilized for further backcross breeding. Furthermore, more than half of the microspore mother cells in the F1 generation exhibited abnormalities during meiosis, with the highest abnormality rates occurring in Metaphase II and Anaphase II, at 82.90% and 74.30%, respectively. The chromosomal behavior abnormalities during meiosis led to an imbalanced distribution of genetic material in the pollen, resulting in deviations in pollen morphology, viability, partical size, and germination. Consequently, this caused male sterility in the interspecific hybrid F1 generation of H. macrophylla ‘Hoshinosakura’ and H. chinensis.更多还原