【摘要】 地球空间环境中的低频电磁波传播既是空间物理学和电波传播研究的重要内容，同时也对低频通信导航、近地空间环境监测等工程应用具有重要价值。本文先介绍了地球空间环境的基本特征，并剖析了低频电磁波在各区域中的传播特性。继而回顾了低频电磁波传播研究的历史进程，系统梳理了从早期经验观测到现代多卫星多平台联合分析与数值模拟并重的演变过程。随后，介绍了目前低频电磁波传播的主流数值计算方法，涵盖射线追踪、全波解、波导模、有限元、有限差分时域方法；并结合自然源与人工源两大类激励，探讨了地球空间环境中低频电磁波传播的一系列核心科学问题以及应用场景。最后，针对当前数值模拟方法的局限性提出研究展望。本文旨在构建跨尺度融合、多物理场耦合与自适应高效计算的低频电磁波传播数值模拟模型，为相关科学研究和工程应用提供坚实的支撑。更多还原

【Abstract】 Low frequency(LF) electromagnetic wave propagation in the geospace environment is not only an important part of space physics and radio wave research, but also has significant value for engineering applications such as LF communication, navigation, and near-Earth environment monitoring. This paper first introduces the basic characteristics of the geospace environment and the propagation characteristics of LF electromagnetic waves in various regions. Then, this paper reviews the historical process of this field, from early empirical observations to the modern multi-satellite and multi-platform joint analysis, alongside the parallel development of numerical simulation techniques.Subsequently, the major numerical calculation methods are introduced, covering ray tracing, full-wave solution, waveguide mode, finite element, and finite-difference time-domain methods. This paper also explores a series of core scientific issues and application scenarios regarding the propagation of LF electromagnetic waves in the geospace environment from both natural and artificial sources of excitation. Finally, a research outlook is proposed in view of the limitations of the current numerical simulation methods, aiming to construct a numerical simulation model of LF electromagnetic wave propagation with cross-scale, multiphysics-coupled and adaptive efficient calculation, which provides solid support for related scientific research and engineering applications.更多还原