【摘要】 选用分蘖能力与穗型大小存在差异的两种水稻品种为材料，深入探究了寒地超级稻与常规品种高产群体（产量高于9 750 kg/hm~2）的物质生产特征。结果显示，高产群体在抽穗期呈现出以下显著特征：群体生物量、叶质量以及茎鞘质量均处于较高水平，在生物总量和籽粒产量中占比较大；同时，具备较高的叶面积指数和高效叶面积率。从抽穗期至成熟期来看，高产群体表现出干物质净积累量较高的特点，且在生物总量和籽粒产量中占比较大；光合物质生产能力较强，具体表现为叶面积衰减率较低，光合势、群体生长率以及净同化率均较高；此外，茎鞘物质的输出与转运过程协调有序，实粒数/叶面积和粒质量/叶面积比值均较高。在生育后期，高产群体不仅需要具备较大的群体库容，而且充实度与总充实量也应维持在较高水平，同时需保持较强的抗倒伏能力。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this study,two types of rice varieties with differences in tillering capacity and panicle size were selected as materials to conduct an in-depth exploration of the material production characteristics of high-yielding populations(with a yield higher than 9 750kg/hm2) of super rice and conventional rice varieties in cold regions.The results showed that high-yielding populations exhibited the following notable characteristics at the heading stage:the population biomass,leaf weight,and stem-sheath weight were all at high levels,accounting for relatively large proportions of the total biomass and grain yield;simultaneously,they possessed a relatively large leaf area index and a high efficient leaf area ratio.From the heading stage to the maturity stage,high-yielding populations deraonstrated the characteristic of a relatively high net accumulation of dry matter,accounting for a relatively large proportion of the total biomass and grain yield;they had a strong ability to produce photosynthetic substances,specifically manifested as a low leaf area decline rate,and relatively high values of leaf area duration,population growth rate,and net assimilation rate;in addition,the output and translocation of stem-sheath substances were coordinated and orderly,with relatively high values of filled grain number per unit leaf area and grain weight per unit leaf area.During the late growth stage,high-yielding populations not only needed to have a large population sink capacity but also should maintain relatively high levels of plumpness and total plumpness,while retaining strong lodging resistance.更多还原