【摘要】 “十五五”时期，经济、技术、产业等领域的保护主义将进一步加剧，国内发展的突出导向为国家政策持续聚焦自主技术创新和高水平科技自立自强。面对生存与发展双重挑战，企业亟须通过系统性提升自主技术创新能力，完成从市场驱动型增长向能力驱动型发展的转变。在此背景下，“十五五”时期技术创新的主要任务可概括为4个方面：一是系统提升自主技术创新能力，在更多领域实现关键技术突破；二是以新技术突破助力提升企业竞争优势，加快世界一流企业建设进程；三是加速构建以本土力量为主导的创新体系、产业体系和经济体系，提升产业安全与发展安全保障水平；四是积极参与重塑世界经济格局，为自主技术创新和经济高质量发展创造良好的外部环境。完成这4项任务，须采取以下措施：强化自主技术创新意识，科学把握新技术研发及成熟技术再创新机遇；坚持在尝试中学习，避免机会主义；重塑企业经营管理系统，学习经验与引领创新并重；大力开拓国际市场，提升人均出口水平；弘扬企业家精神，发挥企业领导者主观能动性；营造良好创新氛围，坚定维护本土企业利益，设定高远发展目标；发挥模范引领作用，在产品尚未成熟阶段建立自主体系；在新理论指导下开展国际经济合作，坚持对等原则，推动有管理、有限度的市场开放。更多还原

【Abstract】 During the 15 th Five-Year Plan period, the international economy, technology, and science fields will continue to be filled with various kinds of protectionism, and the central government will further support indigenous technological innovation and high-level self-reliance and strength in science and technology. In order to effectively deal with international and domestic challenges in their survival and development, local firms will continuously improve their indigenous technological innovation capability and switch from the model of growing based on seizing market opportunities to the model of growing based on creating market opportunities. The international and domestic economic, technological, and social contexts indicate that four key tasks are of crucial importance during the 15 th Five-Year Plan period. The first task is to further strengthen the indigenous technological innovation capability. The second task is to further speed up the process for local firms to become leaders in the world. The third task is to expedite the development of technological innovation systems, industrial systems, and economic systems led by local firms and other local organizations. The fourth task is to reshape the international economic order. In order to fulfil these four tasks, it is necessary to take the following actions: strengthen the commitment to indigenous technological innovation and make it a priority; gain a scientific understanding of the opportunities associated with technological innovation; implement effective innovation strategies and approaches; reconstruct local companies’ management systems; make every effort to expand in the international market, and dramatically improve the level of per capita export; promote the spirit of entrepreneurship; create an innovation and development friendly environment; pay special attention to the crucial roles played by key individuals and organizations; deeply understand new theories about international economy, conduct international economic cooperation under new theoretical guidance, and promote managed and limited market openness.更多还原