【摘要】 从稳定性、肌肉响应特性和运动特性等多维度出发，对某5.8 mm无托自动步枪(下称步枪1)与某5.8 mm有托自动步枪(下称步枪2)的人机工效特性，进行了量化对比分析。研究采用三维运动捕捉、足底压力测试和表面肌电测量方法，系统分析了射手姿态变化、肌肉负担及枪械运动规律。结果显示，步枪1在射击方向和竖直方向的位移偏移更大，左侧关节角度变化幅度较大，且躯干俯仰角度波动较为明显，表明持步枪1射击时人体运动姿态稳定性较低。相比之下，步枪2在右侧腕、肘关节的角度变化更大，但整体位移偏移较小，姿态稳定性更优。在肌肉发力方面，步枪1的左右肱桡肌整体发力更平衡，而步枪2的左侧肱二头肌整体发力较高，且左侧肱桡肌的射击瞬时峰值更显著。这表明两支步枪在人机工效上的发力模式和肌肉负担分布存在差异。此外，步枪2在压力中心前后晃动控制方面更为稳定，人枪系统稳定性更高。研究结果为步枪设计优化和多维度人机工效评价提供了量化依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 This study conducts a quantitative comparative analysis of the human-machine ergonomic characteristics of a 5.8 mm bullpup automatic rifle(hereinafter referred to as Rifle 1) and a 5.8 mm conventional automatic rifle(hereinafter referred to as Rifle 2) from multiple dimensions, including stability, muscle response characteristics, and motion characteristics. Using 3D motion capture, plantar pressure testing, and surface electromyography(EMG) measurements, changes in the shooter’s posture, muscle load, and firearm motion patterns are analyzed. The results show that Rifle 1 exhibits greater displacement in both the shooting and vertical directions, with significant changes in the left joint angles and larger fluctuations in trunk pitch angles, indicating lower posture stability when shooting with Rifle 1. Rifle 2, on the other hand, shows greater angle changes in the right wrist and elbow joints, but with smaller overall displacement, indicating better posture stability. In terms of muscle force exertion, Rifle 1 demonstrates more balanced force distribution between the left and right brachioradialis muscles, while Rifle 2 shows higher overall force in the left biceps brachii, with more pronounced peak force in the left brachioradialis during shooting. These results indicate differences in the force exertion patterns and muscle load distribution between the two rifles. Additionally, Rifle 2 exhibits better stability in controlling the forward and backward oscillation of the center of pressure, resulting in higher overall system stability. The findings provide a quantitative basis for rifle design optimization and multidimensional human-machine ergonomic evaluation.更多还原