【摘要】 皂苷具有重要医药价值和食品加工用途，但目前有关大豆品种资源皂苷含量鉴定及优异种质筛选研究甚少，本研究利用427份大豆品种资源，通过高效液相色谱法测定其皂苷及其组分含量，明确皂苷遗传变异及其不同组分相关性，分析皂苷含量与品种地理来源及其种皮颜色的关系，并筛选高含量优异种质。结果表明：供试大豆品种资源总皂苷含量及其4种组分（Aa、Ab、Ba和Bb）含量存在显著差异，其均值分别为1.482、0.737、0.072、0.322和0.363 mg/g，各组分以皂苷Aa含量最高，Ab含量最低；同时发现，供试大豆品种资源总皂苷及其4种组分含量存在丰富遗传变异，且存在显著相关性，其中变异系数在17.4～96.7%，以皂苷Ab变异系数最大，并以总含量和皂苷Aa相关性最好，其次是总含量和Bb。另外还发现，黑皮大豆皂苷含量高于黄皮大豆，陕西品种皂苷含量较高，江苏品种皂苷含量较低。根据各品种皂苷及其组分含量，将其分为4类，以I类和II类品种总皂苷含量较高，并筛选出高含量优异种质20份，其中包括3个总皂苷含量在2.5 mg/g以上的品种（耐阴黑豆、晋豆22和冀豆27）。本结果为通过常规育种手段以及分子育种方法实现大豆皂苷及其组分含量遗传改良奠定了物质基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 Saponin has an important medicinal value, as well as a food processing application in production. However, there was few studies focused on the identification of soybean saponin contents as well as for screening of elite germplasms. To screan out elite germplasms with high saponin contents, 427 soybean varieties were used in the present study to analyze the saponin and its component contents via High Performance Liquid Chromatography method to clarify the genetic variations of saponins and their correlations, followed by analysis of the relationships between saponin contents and geographical origins and seed coat colors. The results showed that there were significant differences in the total saponin content and its four components(Aa, Ab, Ba and Bb) among the soybean varieties, with the mean values being 1.482 mg/g, 0.737 mg/g, 0.072 mg/g, 0.322 mg/g and 0.363 mg/g, respectively. The content of saponin Aa showed the highest value among the four components, while saponin Ab presented the lowest value. Meanwhile, it was found that there were abundant genetic variations and significant correlations in the total saponin content and its four components among the soybean varieties. The coefficients of variations(CV) ranged from 17.4% to 96.7%, with the highest CV detected in the saponin Ab content. The results also showed that the highest correlation coefficient was detected between the total content and saponin Aa, followed by the correlation coefficient between total content and saponin Bb. Additionally, the results showed that the total saponin content of the black coat color soybeans was higher than that of yellow color soybeans, and the saponin contents of the varieties originated from Shaanxi province were relatively higher, while those of varieties from Jiangsu province were relatively lower. Moreover, the soybean varieties were classified into four categories based on the saponin contents, and the varieties with higher total saponin contents gethered in Class I and Class II. At last, 20 elite germplasms were screened out with high saponin contents, among which, three germplasms(Nianyinheidou, Jindou 22 and Jidou 27) possessed the total saponin content above 2.5 mg/g. Therefore, these results lay an important material foundation for the genetic improvement of soybean saponin contents through conventional breeding methods and molecular breeding approaches.更多还原