【摘要】 风化石质文物加固保护是露天砖石质文物保护研究的重点和难点，其难点主要在于开发加固强度和渗透性好且环境耐候性优异的加固材料及工艺。围绕风化石灰岩质文物加固保护，本研究选用高孔隙率生物钙质灰岩为石材样品，从加固材料及工艺筛选、加固强度/加固剂渗透深度/耐候性等主要性能，以及加固后样品透气性、表面颜色、表面亲-疏水性变化等副作用评估方面，系统研究了五种基于纳米SiO₂、纳米Ca（OH）₂和四乙氧基硅烷的加固工艺。研究表明，五种加固工艺均有一定加固效果，其中以贴敷法先后用质量分数为7.5%的纳米SiO₂水性分散液、四乙氧基硅烷加固的石材样品综合性能最佳。在保护石材样品透气性、表面颜色特征的同时，该纳米复合加固工艺的整体加固强度、渗透深度及环境耐候性突出。此外，该方法操作简单，使用的原材料成本适中，而且加固后石材样品表面保持亲水性，因而不影响后续可能的粘接、灌浆等修复措施。本研究应用性强，有望为高度风化石灰岩质文物加固保护提供科学依据和技术支撑。更多还原

【Abstract】 Consolidation treatments are universally adopted for outdoor weathered stone artworks. Foreligible consolidation agents and methods, good consolidation strength, good penetration depth as well as good environmental durability are generally required. Focusing on the consolidation treatments for weathered limestone artworks, this study developed and evaluated the performance of five kinds of consolidation treatments based on nano-SiO₂, nano-Ca（OH）₂ and tetraethylorthosilicate, by exploiting highly porous bio-calcareous limestone as stone samples. Results showed that all the five treatments have certain consolidation effect, among which the successive treatments with nano-SiO₂ aqueous dispersion（7.5wt%） and tetraethylorthosilicate by cellulose poultice demonstrate the best performance. While protecting the vapor permeability and surface chromatic features of the stone samples, the overall reinforcement strength, penetration depth and environmental durability of this treatment are outstanding. In addition, this method is simple to operate, cost-effective, and the surface of the stone samples remain hydrophilic which enables subsequent adhering and/or grouting treatments if needed. This study is expected to provide scientific basis and technical support for the consolidation of highly weathered limestone artefacts.更多还原