【摘要】 在明清时期有关人物传记的文献中,常有“以本经中式”(如“以《诗》中式”“以《春秋》中式”)的记述方式。这种记述方式长期以来被理解为“因本经文优秀而中式”,以致有人把“首艺”误解为第一篇本经文。事实上,这一记述方式还有另一层更重要的含义,即它是“以某经为本经参加科举而中式”的简化表述。从这个意义上说,“以本经中式”与这样一种选拔制度相关:考生占经应试,以该经为参试的个人标识;考官按经分房阅卷、按五经配额录取。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the literature of biographies in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there was often a description of “Pass the imperial examination with a Classic” (such as “pass the exam using the Book of Songs” or “pass the exam using the Spring and Autumn Annals”). Actually, this statement has long been understood as “passing the imperial examination due to his excellent articles on the Five Classics”, so that some people misunderstand “Shouyi” (the first Eight-part Essay)as the first essay of the Five Classics. In fact, this statement contains another explanation which is more important: a candidate could choose any one of the Five Classics to pass the exam. It is in this sense that “pass the imperial examination with the advantaged writing on the Five Classics” should be related to a scholars selected system:on the one hand, the exam papers will be graded by the examiners in different rooms, divided by the Classic they seperately master; and on the other hand, the admission will be executed based on the corresponding quotas of the Five Classics categories in the exam papers.更多还原