【摘要】 卫星重力测量技术作为现代大地测量学的重要突破，凭借其对地球表层和浅层物质质量变化的整体响应能力，已广泛应用于大地测量、水文循环、冰川消融、海平面变化和构造变形等关键领域。本文系统梳理了自CHAMP、GRACE到GRACE-FO以及中国重力卫星的任务发展与技术演进，聚焦下一代重力卫星计划，以及国际在研的新型量子重力任务的前沿趋势。在此基础上，全面总结了卫星重力数据从Level-0到Level-3的处理流程、关键反演方法、科学产品构建，及其在陆地水文、冰川、海洋、地震和高程基准构建中的典型应用。梳理分享了我国卫星重力应用体系当前所面临的数据质量限制、多源信号分离难题、人工智能模型可解释性不足及学科融合障碍等主要挑战，提出未来应加强“数据-场景-模式”协同创新，推动多源卫星组网与高精度建模，服务国家战略需求和全球可持续发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 Satellite gravimetry, as a major breakthrough in modern geodesy, has demonstrated strong capabilities in capturing mass variations in the Earth’s surface and subsurface layers. It has been widely applied in critical fields such as geodetic surveying, hydrological cycle monitoring, glacier mass balance, sea level change, and tectonic deformation. This study systematically reviews the evolution of gravity satellite missions from CHAMP and GRACE to GRACE-FO and Chinese gravity satellite programs, with a particular focus on next-generation satellite gravimetry missions and emerging trends in quantum-based gravity satellite concepts. Based on this, the study comprehensively summarizes the data processing pipeline from Level-0 to Level-3, key inversion methodologies, and science product development. Application cases are presented across hydrology, cryosphere, oceanography, seismology, and geoid refinement. Furthermore, major challenges in China’s current gravimetry application system are identified, including data quality limitations, multi-source signal separation, lack of interpretability in AI-based models, and barriers to interdisciplinary integration. Finally, the study calls for synergistic innovation driven by “data-scenario-model” integration to support multi-satellite networks and high-precision modeling in service of national strategic needs and global sustainable development.更多还原