【摘要】 地球质心与形状极是描述和度量地球自转运动的大地测量基准。地球内部质量调整和物质运动无法准确测量，导致由地球物理流体数据推算的地球自转激发函数存在不确定性，制约了地球自转动力学机制的深入研究。本文通过统一大地测量和地球自转运动的地固参考系基准，解析各种大地测量要素的地球形状极变化与自转运动效应，从而发展空间几何物理大地测量协同的地球质心、形状极与多种自转动力学参数联动的监测方法，为深入研究地球自转的激发动力学机制与地球各圈层相互作用营造更有利的科学技术条件。本文主要结果包括：(1)推导出空间几何物理大地测量协同的地球质心与形状极定位理论，既能精密监测地球质心变化与形状极移时间序列，也能将当前地固参考系定位定向到指定时间段内的平质心和平形状极。(2)给出了地球卫星观测、VLBI运动学测量、地面站点径向位移和重力变化协同的地球质心、形状极与多种自转动力学参数联动的监测模型和算法，以改善地球自转动力学机理研究的约束条件。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Earth’s center of mass and figure pole are geodetic datum for describing and measuring the rotation of the Earth. The inability to accurately measure mass redistribution within the Earth’s interior and geomaterial motion results in more uncertainties in geophysical excitations estimated from geophysical fluid data, thereby limiting in-depth investigations into the rotational dynamics of the Earth. In this paper, various geodetic measurements and Earth rotation motion are unified in an only Earth-fixed reference system, and the effects of Earth’s figure polar shift and rotation variation on various geodetic elements are investigated. And then a time-synchronized monitoring methodology for Earth’s figure pole and various rotational dynamic parameters is present by multi-geodetic collaboration, which can provide more favorable scientific and technological conditions for the in-depth study of the excitation dynamics mechanism of the Earth’s rotation and the interaction of the Earth’s spheres. The paper presents the following main results.(1) The theoretical method for positioning of Earth’s center of mass and figure pole is derived by space geometric and physical geodetic collaboration, which can not only accurately measure the variation time series of Earth’s center of mass and figure pole, but also position and orient the current terrestrial reference system to the mean center of mass and mean figure pole in a specified time period.(2) This paper presents the monitoring algorithms of the Earth’s center of mass, figure pole and various rotational dynamics parameters by collaborating with the Earth’s satellite observation, VLBI kinematics measurement, and the site’s radial placement and gravity variation observations, which can improve the constraints of the study on the mechanism of the Earth’s rotational dynamics.更多还原