【摘要】 为研究高速公路纵坡与驾驶经验对驾驶员生理和心理反应的影响，根据驾龄将驾驶员划分为经验不足组与经验丰富组，采用实车试验的方式，在鄂咸高速公路不同坡度(0、-1%、-1.5%、-2.5%)的路段进行数据采集。通过记录的驾驶员眼动参数和心率数据，选取瞳孔面积、平均注视时间和心率增长率作为驾驶员生理和心理反应的指标。利用双因素方差分析确定影响驾驶员生理与心理反应的主要因素，并采用趋势面模型进一步探究了生理和心理反应之间的关系。研究结果表明：路段坡度和驾驶经验对以上选取的指标具有显著影响(P<0.05);随着坡度的增加，2组驾驶员的瞳孔面积、平均注视时间和心率增长率均逐渐增大。在相同坡度下，经验丰富的驾驶员在上述生理与心理指标上普遍低于经验不足组，且变异性较小；趋势面拟合结果表明，纵坡路段驾驶时，驾驶员的生理和心理反应密切相关。更多还原

【Abstract】 To investigate the effects of highway gradient and driving experience on drivers’ physiological and psychological responses, drivers are categorized into two groups based on their driving experience: the inexperienced and the experienced. A field experiment is conducted on different gradient sections(0,-1%,-1.5%,-2.5%) of the Exian Expressway to collect data. Eye movement parameters and heart rate data of the drivers are recorded. Pupil area, average fixation duration, and heart rate increase rate are selected as indicators of physiological and psychological responses. Two-way ANOVA is employed to determine the main factors influencing drivers’ physiological and psychological responses. A trend surface model is further applied to explore the relationship between these responses. Results show both road gradient and driving experience affect the selected indicators(P<0.05). As the gradient rises, the pupil area, average fixation duration, and heart rate increase rate exhibit a gradual increase for both groups of drivers. At the same gradient, experienced drivers generally score lower in the physiological and psychological indicators compared to the inexperienced ones, with less variations. The trend surface fitting results indicate a close relationship between drivers’ physiological and psychological responses when driving on highway’s gradient sections.更多还原