【摘要】 滑阀作业时可能遇到液压侧向力导致阀芯运动卡滞甚至锁死的现象，影响系统正常运行。为解决这一问题，以某特定型号滑阀阀芯上均压槽结构尺寸为研究对象，采用有限体积法，基于不可压缩的Navier-Stokes方程，结合k-ε湍流模型进行流场仿真分析。结果表明：均压槽的宽度和深度达到滑阀间隙的10倍以上时，减小侧向力的效果开始显著，尤其是超过20倍后效果最佳；均压槽尺寸的增加虽然会导致泄漏量上升，但与无槽状态相比，这种增量并不显著。研究成果可为均压槽设计提供理论依据和参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 The hydraulic spool valve, an essential precision control component in hydraulic systems, is widely used in aerospace, construction machinery and industrial automation, etc., precisely regulating various fluid parameters. However, during actual operation, due to the uneven distribution of flow velocity and pressure as hydraulic oil flows through the gap between the spool and the valve body, a hydraulic lateral force is generated, causing the spool to experience motion stagnation or even lock-up, which seriously affects the normal operation of the system. Setting pressure-equalizing grooves on the spool valve can change the flow path and pressure distribution of the oil, balance the pressure on both sides of the spool, and is an effective strategy to solve the problem. Optimizing these grooves is key to improving the performance of the spool valve. In our study, computational fluid dynamics(CFD) tools are employed. We focus on the structural dimensions of the pressure-equalizing grooves on the spool of a specific-type hydraulic spool valve. Based on the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations and combined with the standard κ-ε turbulence model, a simulation analysis is conducted on the flow fields between the spool and the valve sleeve with different-sized pressure-equalizing grooves to investigate the influence of the groove size on the lateral force and leakage amount.Our research results show in the design of hydraulic spool valves, setting rectangular pressure-equalizing grooves on the spool effectively reduces the lateral force acting on the spool. When the width or depth of the pressure-equalizing grooves exceeds 10 times the valve-body clearance, the effect of reducing the lateral force becomes significant. When it reaches about 20 times the valve-body clearance, the reduction in lateral force is optimal, and the axial pressure distribution within the spool-valve clearance is also the best. However, as the width of the pressure-equalizing grooves increases, the leakage amount will continuously rise. Therefore, in the design, it is necessary to balance the relationship between the reduction in lateral force caused by the growth in the size of the pressure-equalizing grooves and the increase in leakage amount, and thus improve the overall performance of the system through optimized design. Although the rising leakage is a side effect of incorporating pressure-equalizing grooves, their significant advantage in reducing lateral force remains a core design consideration.Our study clearly defines the design range of the optimal size of the pressure-equalizing grooves and elaborates in detail on the specific influence mechanisms of the groove size on the lateral force of the spool and the leakage amount of the spool valve. Our research results may provide a theoretical basis for the design of hydraulic spool valves and generate significant implications for relevant engineering projects.更多还原