【摘要】 为更好地做好冰雹天气的监测预警工作,使用MICAPS天气图、雷达拼图、雷达PUP产品等资料,采用天气学和雷达气象学原理与研究方法,对2021年3月30-31日江西大冰雹过程进行分析。结果表明:(1)500 hPa低槽、850 hPa西南急流、925 hPa切变线和地面倒槽等天气系统,以及大气层结具有“上干下湿”有利条件。(2)≥5 cm的大冰雹回波系统有孤立超级单体和回波带上超级单体两种。其共同特征是:回波强度≥60 dBZ,并有65 dBZ以上的回波核;60 dBZ强回波面积≥100 km~2;30～60 dBZ强回波梯度(最密集区域距离)≤7 km和具有云砧回波。(3)垂直积分液态水含量(VIL)达到60 kg/m~2;径向速度V0.5°仰角具有正负速度对;反射率因子垂直剖面(RCS)有悬挂、穹窿、回波墙等特殊回波结构;径向速度垂直剖面(VCS)具有辐合型气旋结构。(4)超级单体在3 km等高平面显示(CAPPI)上,反射率因子都在60 dBZ以上,有65 dBZ回波核,风场处于辐合型气旋性环流中。上述研究结果有助于大冰雹天气雷达回波特征的认识和应用。更多还原

【Abstract】 To better monitor and warn of hail weather,MICAPS weather maps,radar puzzles,radar PUP products,and other data were used.The principles and research methods of weather science and radar meteorology were adopted to analyze the process of severe hail in Jiangxi from March 30 to 31,2021.The results showed that:(1) Weather systems such as 500 hPa low trough,850 hPa southwest jet,925 hPa shear line,and ground inversion troughs,as well as atmosphericstratification,have favorable conditions for "upper dry and lower wet" conditions.(2)There are two types of large hail echo systems with a diameter of ≥5 cm:isolated supercell and supercell on the echo band.Its common feature is that the echo intensity is ≥60 dBZ,and there are echo nuclei above 65 dBZ;60 dBZ strong echo area ≥100 km~2;30-60 dBZ strong echo gradient(distance from the densest area)≤7 km and with cloud anvil echoes.(3) Vertical integrated liquid water content(VIL) reaches 60 kg/m~2;The radial velocity V0.5° has positive and negative velocity pairs at an elevation angle;The reflectivity factor vertical profile(RCS) has special echo structures such as suspension,dome,and echo wall;The radial velocity vertical profile(VCS) has a convergent cyclone structure.(4) On the 3 km contour plane display(CAPPI),the reflectivity factor of the supercell is above 60 dBZ,with a 65 dBZ echo core,and the wind field is in a converging cycloniccirculation.The above research results contribute to the understanding and application of radar echo characteristics in heavy hail weather.更多还原