【摘要】 本文系统回顾了老年家庭消费与储蓄行为的理论与实证研究进展，聚焦生命周期—持久收入假说、预防性储蓄理论和新家庭经济学框架，深入剖析健康风险、遗赠动机、社会保障体系、住房财富及文化因素的驱动机制与异质性表现。研究发现，发达国家老年家庭退休后消费显著下降，财富减少慢于预期，受健康不确定性与遗赠动机主导；中国老年家庭消费下降平缓，高储蓄率源于文化传统、代际支持及社会保障不足。方法上，简约式估计、结构估计及高频交易数据与行政数据的应用显著提升了因果识别与异质性分析能力。通过整合微观实证、宏观均衡分析及政策模拟，本文揭示了老年家庭消费储蓄行为的复杂性及其对宏观经济的影响，为优化养老保险、医疗保障、住房流动性及数字化赋能等政策提供了理论依据与实证支持。展望未来，结合多维数据与跨国比较，深化中国情境下的理论模型与因果识别，将进一步推动老龄化经济研究与政策设计。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper systematically reviews the theoretical and empirical advancements in the consumption and saving behaviors of elderly households, focusing on the life-cycle permanent income hypothesis, precautionary saving theory, and new household economics framework.It provides an in-depth analysis of the driving mechanisms and heterogeneous effects of health risks, bequest motives, social security systems, housing wealth, and cultural factors.The findings indicate that in developed countries, elderly households experience a significant decline in consumption post-retirement, with wealth depletion slower than anticipated, primarily driven by health uncertainties and bequest motives.In contrast, Chinese elderly households exhibit a more gradual consumption decline, with high saving rates attributed to cultural traditions, intergenerational support, and inadequate social security.Methodologically, the application of reduced-form and structural estimation, alongside high-frequency transaction data and administrative data, has significantly enhanced causal identification and heterogeneity analysis.By integrating micro-level empirical evidences, macro-equilibrium analysis, and policy simulations, this study elucidates the complexity of elderly consumption and saving behaviors and its macroeconomic implications, offering theoretical and empirical support for optimizing pension systems, healthcare policies, housing liquidity, and digital empowerment.Looking forward, leveraging multidimensional data and cross-country comparisons to refine theoretical models and causal inference within the Chinese context will further advance research and policy design in the economics of aging.更多还原