【摘要】 数据要素作为数字经济时代的关键生产要素，其开放共享对释放企业创新潜能具有重要意义。为此，本文基于2010—2023年中国沪深A股上市公司数据，以我国地级市大数据局设立为准自然实验，构建交叠双重差分模型系统考察数据要素开放对企业创新水平的影响及其作用机制。研究发现，数据要素开放显著提高了企业创新水平。机制分析表明，数据要素开放主要通过降低信息成本、形成知识溢出效应和人才吸纳效应来驱动企业创新。异质性分析发现，在数字化转型水平较高的企业、低竞争行业内企业以及高科技企业和非国有企业中，数据要素开放对企业创新的提升效应更显著。进一步研究发现，大数据局设立在提高企业创新数量的同时提升了企业的创新质量和总营业收入。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a key production factor in the era of digital economy, the opening and sharing of data factors is of strategic significance to release the innovation potential of enterprises. To this end, based on the data of A-share listed companies from 2010 to 2023, this paper constructs a staggered difference-in-differences model based on the establishment of big data bureaus in prefecture-level cities in China as a quasi-natural experiment to empirically test whether the opening of data element promotes the improvement of enterprise innovation level. The findings reveal that data element openness significantly improves the level of enterprise innovation. Mechanism analysis shows that data element openness mainly drives enterprise innovation by reducing information cost, forming knowledge spillover effect and talent absorption effect. In addition, the enhancement effect of data element openness on enterprise innovation is more significant in enterprises with a higher level of digital transformation, enterprises in low-competition industries, and high-tech and non-state-owned enterprises. Further research has found that the establishment of a Big Data Bureau not only increases the quantity of corporate innovation but also enhances the quality of innovation and total operating revenue.更多还原