【摘要】 目的 探讨医院肺炎支原体（Mycoplasma pneumoniae,MP）感染的流行病学特征，为临床诊断和公共卫生防控提供依据。方法 回顾性分析2023年10月至2025年4月期间，因呼吸道感染在广东省人民医院就诊的8 217例患者临床资料，其中男性4 102例，女性4 115例。采用胶体金法检测血清MP IgM抗体，评估患者的年龄、性别、季节分布特点，并分析MP与其他病原体的混合感染情况。结果 8 217例呼吸道感染患者中，1 536例MP IgM抗体检测阳性，阳性检出率为18.69%。不同性别间MP检出率差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。儿童组（4～6岁）检出率最高，其次为少年组（7～12岁）和婴幼儿组（0～3岁）。季节分布显示，秋季检出率最高（22.98%），其次分别为夏季、冬季和春季，除夏季与秋季间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）外，其余各季节间差异具有统计学意义（P<0.001）。此外，27例患者存在MP与其他病原体的混合感染，占阳性病例的1.76%，主要混合病原体为腺病毒和呼吸道合胞病毒。结论 MP感染具有显著的年龄和季节分布特点，儿童组、少年组和婴幼儿组为主要易感人群，秋季和夏季为高发季节。尽管混合感染发生率较低，但其可能加重病情，需引起关注。建议加强高危人群的监测和早期干预，降低MP感染及其相关并发症的发生风险。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of Mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP)infection in hospitalized patients and provide a reference basis for clinical diagnosis and public health prevention strategies.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted using the clinical dataset of 8 217 patients with respiratory infections treated at Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital from October 2023 to April 2025.The study cohort included 4 102 male and 4 115 female patients.Serum MP IgM antibodies were detected using the colloidal gold method.Patient dataset was analyzed to evaluate age,gender,and seasonal distribution characteristics,as well as co-infections involving MP and other pathogens.Results Among 8 217 patients,1 536 tested positive for MP IgM antibodies,yielding apositivity rate of 18.69%.There was no statistically significant difference in positivity rates between male and female patients(P>0.05).The highest positivity rate was observed in the preschool-age group(4-6 years),followed by the school-age group(7-12 years)and the infant group(0-3 years).Seasonal analysis showed that autumn showed the highest positivity rate(22.98%),followed by summer,winter,and spring.Apart from the non-significant difference between summer and autumn(P>0.05),other seasonal differences were statistically significant(P<0.001).Additionally,27 patients(1.76%of positive cases)had co-infections with MP and other pathogens,primarily adenovirus and respiratory syncytial virus.Conclusion MP infection exhibits distinct age and seasonal distribution patterns,with preschoolers,school-age children,and infants being the most susceptible groups.Autumn and summer are the peak seasons for infections.Although the rate of co-infections is low,it can exacerbate disease severity and require attention.Enhanced surveillance and early intervention in high-risk populations are recommended to reduce the burden of MP infections and associated complications.更多还原