【摘要】 风载是导致大型外浮顶储罐结构失效的典型灾害性因素，为探究大型外浮顶储罐对风载的结构响应机制，以10万m~3大型外浮顶储罐为研究对象，建立了储罐罐体-双盘式外浮顶一体化全尺寸结构模型和风场模型。采用CFD方法获得了不同液位下罐体周向与外浮顶顶部风压分布。基于流固耦合算法，分别就外浮顶在低、中、高液位下的漂浮工况和外浮顶落底工况下罐-顶一体化结构对风载的响应机制进行了讨论。结果表明：罐体周向风压不受液位影响，在迎风侧可达到最大风压1 400 Pa;外浮顶顶部风压压差随液位升高而增大，在100%液位时可达到2 410 Pa,导致外浮顶发生侧倾或不平衡升降的事故概率增加；外浮顶顶板在风载作用下沿竖直方向的最大变形差值在100%液位达到最大，为16.44 mm;极端落底工况下的外浮顶对风载的响应非常敏感，相比由储液支撑的外浮顶，其最大变形量提升幅度可达到528.3%,且每圈面板变形量比无风工况增加48%～77%,应高度重视支柱支撑与风载的耦合效应。更多还原

【Abstract】 Wind pressure is a significant catastrophic factor that can lead to the structural failure of large floating-roof tanks. To investigate the structural response mechanism of these tanks under wind load, floating-roof tanks with a volume of 100 000 m~3 were selected as the focus of this study. An integrated model of the tank, double-deck floating roof, and wind field was developed. The Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) method was employed to determine the wind pressure distributions on the tank body and the top of the floating roof across various liquid levels. Using the fluid-structure interaction algorithm, the calculated wind pressure was applied to the large floating-roof tank. The response mechanisms of the tank-roof integrated structure under wind loads at low, medium, and high liquid levels—particularly with the floating roof supported by pillars—were analyzed and discussed. The results demonstrated that the wind pressure in the circumferential direction of the tank is symmetrical around 0° and remains unaffected by the liquid level. The maximum wind pressure, measuring 1 400 Pa, occurs at the center of the windward side. The wind pressure on the top of the floating roof is also symmetrical, exhibiting negative pressure on the windward side and positive pressure on the downwind side. Notably, the difference in wind pressure increases with liquid levels, heightening the likelihood of tilting or unbalanced lifting and lowering of the floating roof. At a 100% liquid level, this pressure difference can reach up to 2 410 Pa. The presence of liquid reinforces the tank wall, leading to a decrease in wall deformation as the liquid level rises. Under wind load, the floating roof tilts; this tilt results in the maximum vertical deformation difference of the upper panel of the floating roof reaching its peak at 100% liquid level, measuring 16.44 mm. The response of the floating roof supported by pillars to wind load is particularly sensitive, with its maximum deformation increasing by up to 528.3% compared to a floating roof supported solely by liquid. Additionally, the deformation of each circular panel increases by 48% to 77% when compared to windless conditions. Therefore, it is essential to closely monitor the coupling effects between the strut support and wind load during the maintenance of the floating roof.更多还原