【摘要】 [目的]通过多年田间小区试验，研究不同氮肥施用量对临泉县小麦生长发育和经济效益的影响，以确定适宜施氮量。[方法]设置6个施氮量水平，分别为120、150、180、210、240和270 kg/hm~2,以不施氮肥为对照，构成7个处理。在小麦成熟期采样，考察产量性状，计算施肥经济效益。[结果]施用适量氮肥对小麦生长发育有明显促进作用，能显著提高籽粒产量，提升种植小麦经济收益。2个年度试验，与不施氮的对照相比，施用0～270 kg/hm~2纯氮后，籽粒产量分别增长26.62%～38.47%和17.73%～37.67%,平均增产33.39%和29.53%,产量Y与氮肥用量N间呈一元二次抛物线回归方程关系。小麦施用不同量氮肥增收4 037～7 004元/hm~2,施氮产投比高达3.85～9.63∶1。[结论]当前生产水平下，淮北平原临泉县冬小麦高产优质高效的氮肥适宜施用量为180 kg/hm~2左右。更多还原

【Abstract】 [Objective] To explore the appropriate nitrogen application rate in Linquan County by investigating the effects of different nitrogen fertilizer application rates on the growth and development of wheat and economic benefits based on years of field plot experiments. [Method] Six treatments were set up including the different nitrogen application rate of 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 270 kg/hm~2 with no nitrogen fertilizer application as the control. The samples were collected at maturing stage of wheat, and the economic calculated. [Result] There was an obvious relation effect of applying with suitable nitrogen rate on wheat growth, yield increased and economic benefit, which wheat seed yield raised by 26.62%-38.47% and 17.73%-37.67% averagely 33.39% and 29.53% at two sites respectively compared the treatment of different nitrogen application rate with the control, which showed that there was a curve operation relationship between yield and the nitrogen application rate. The economic profit to plant wheat increased by 4 037-7 004 yuan/hm~2, and the ratio of income to invest of fertilization reached 3.85-9.63∶ 1 compared with the control. [Conclusion] The optimizing fertilization rate of nitrogen is about 180 kg/hm~2 for high-quality-efficient winter wheat on the present condition in Linquan County Huaibei Plain.更多还原