【摘要】 [目的]探究不同播期对大蒜农艺性状、产量及品质的影响，筛选出适宜徐州地区播种的最佳大蒜播种日期。[方法]以徐蒜3号为试验材料，采用随机区组设计开展10个分期播种试验，自2023年9月20日起每5 d设置一个播期，分别用T1～T10表示，分析不同播期对大蒜生长发育、产量及品质的影响。[结果]随着播期的推迟，大蒜株高、假茎高、叶长、叶宽、假茎粗和大蒜植株根部、假茎、叶片、薹、鳞茎鲜干质量均呈先升后降的趋势，均以T4最高，T5次之；大蒜鳞茎横径在T4达到最大，与T5、T3差异不显著，与其他处理差异显著，且T4较T10增加6.0%;鳞茎纵径T4最大，T5次之，早播(T1、T2)与晚播(T7～T10)差异不显著；单头鳞茎质量以T4(48.97 g)表现最好，与T5差异不显著，显著高于其他播期，且T4单头鳞茎质量较其他播期高1.2%～20.2%;一级鳞茎比例在T4达到最大，与T5差异不显著，与其他处理差异显著，且T4一级鳞茎比例是其他各播期的1.05～1.45倍；T4处理的大蒜鳞茎产量最高，为16 708.35 kg/hm~2,与T5、T3处理差异不显著，与其他处理差异显著，且早播(T1、T2)产量显著高于晚播(T7～T10)产量；T4处理大蒜鳞茎的维生素C含量最高，与T5差异不显著，与其他处理差异显著；可溶性糖含量在T4达到最大，显著高于T10,是T10的1.63倍；可溶性蛋白含量以T4最高，T5次之，且显著高于T9、T10;T4处理的游离氨基酸含量最高，与T5差异不显著，与其他处理差异显著；T4处理的大蒜素含量最高，与T3、T5差异不显著，但显著高于T8、T9、T10。适时播种(T4、T5)大蒜品质较佳、产量较高，过早或过晚播种都会使大蒜品质和产量降低。[结论]根据徐州的气候特点和耕种习惯，结合大蒜的农艺性状指标、产量和品质的综合分析，10月5日(T4)至10月10日(T5)可作为徐州地区大蒜的适宜播种时期。更多还原

【Abstract】 [Objective]To investigate the effects of different sowing dates on agronomic traits, yield and quality of garlic, the suitable sowing date of garlic in this area was screened out.[Method]Using Xusuan 3 as the experimental material, a randomized block design was used to carry out 10 stage sowing experiments, and a sowing date was set every 5 days from September 20,2023,to analyze the effects of different sowing dates on the growth, yield and quality of garlic.[Result]The results showed that with the delay of sowing date, garlic plant height, pseudostem height, leaf length, leaf width, pseudostem thickness and fresh and dry weight of garlic root, pseudostem, leaf, moss and bulb all increased first and then decreased, and reached the highest in T4 sowing date, followed by T5.The transverse diameter of garlic bulbs reached the maximum value at T4,which was not significantly different from T5 and T3,but significantly different from other treatments, showing a 6.0% increase compared to T10.The longitudinal diameter of garlic bulbs reached the maximum value at T4,followed by T5.There was no significant difference between early sowing dates(T1,T2) and late sowing dates(T7-T10).Treatment T4 had the highest single bulb weight of 48.97 g, which was not significantly different from T5,but significantly different from other treatments, showing 1.2% to 20.2% increase compared to other treatments.The proportion of primary bulbs reached the maximum value at T4,which was not significantly different from T5,but significantly different from other treatments, showing 1.05-1.45 times higher than other treatments.Treatment T4 had the highest yield of 16 708.35 kg/hm~2,which was not significantly different from T5 and T3,but significantly different from other treatments.The yield of early sowing dates(T1 and T2) was significantly higher than that of late sowing dates(T7-T10).The effects of sowing date on the quality of garlic bulbs were all better at T4 sowing date.Treatment T4 had the highest vitamin C content in garlic bulbs, which was not significantly different from T5,but significantly different from other treatments.The content of soluble sugar reached the maximum value at T4,which was significantly higher than T10,showing 1.63 times compared to T10.The content of soluble protein reached the maximum value at T4,followed by T5,and was significantly higher than T9 and T10.The content of free amino acids reached the maximum value at T4,which was not significantly different from T5,but significantly different from other treatments.Treatment T4 had the highest allicin content in garlic bulbs, which was not significantly different from T3 and T5,but significantly higher than T8,T9 and T10.Timely sowing(T4,T5) has better garlic quality and higher yield, and sowing too early or too late will reduce garlic quality and yield.[Conclusion]Therefore, based on the climate characteristics and cultivation habits of Xuzhou, combined with the comprehensive analysis of the agronomic traits, yield and quality of garlic, October 5(T4) to October 10(T5) can be regarded as the suitable sowing date of garlic in Xuzhou area.更多还原