【摘要】 为研究渭南地区全生物降解地膜对土壤水热状况和设施西瓜产量的影响，于2023年3—7月进行大田试验，设置银黑色全生物降解地膜(T1)、白色全生物降解地膜(T2)、黑色全生物降解地膜(T3)3种不同类型地膜覆盖，以黑色普通地膜(CK)为对照，测定不同类型地膜覆盖处理的西瓜产量及土壤含水率、土壤温度指标，并对全生物降解地膜降解情况进行分析。结果表明，黑色全生物降解地膜(T3)45 d后开始降解，91 d地膜出现网状裂纹，大部分地膜破碎成小块。全生育时期各处理0～30 cm土层平均含水率均表现为CK>T3>T2>T1,随着土层深度的增加土壤含水率的变化幅度减小。覆膜处理下设施西瓜全生育期的土壤温度日变化均表现为先增高后降低的趋势，14:30时土温达到最高，10、20 cm土层处，在土壤温度最高的14:30时，T1、T2和T3分别较CK降低5.8(4.0)、3.7(2.4)和1.9(1.1)℃,T3较T1、T2的降幅小。在产量方面，黑色全生物降解地膜处理(T3)产量较CK增加19.38%。从设施西瓜产量和水热动态、生态效益等方面综合考虑，黑色全生物降解地膜可替代普通地膜应用于渭南地区设施西瓜生产中，且能有效缓解普通地膜造成的土壤环境污染问题。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to study the effects of fully biodegradable film on soil water and heat status and facility watermelon yield in Weinan area, a field experiment was carried out from March to July 2023. Three different types of film mulching, silver-black fully biodegradable film(T1), white fully biodegradable film(T2) and black fully biodegradable film(T3), were set up, and black ordinary film(CK) was used as control. The watermelon yield, soil moisture content and soil temperature index of different types of film mulching treatments were measured, and the degradation of fully biodegradable film was analyzed. The results showed that the black fully biodegradable permeable film( T3) began to degrade after 45 days. At 91 days, the film showed reticular cracks, and most of the film was broken into small pieces.During the whole growth period, the average water content of 0-30 cm soil layer in each treatment from high to low was CK > T3 > T2 > T1, and the change range of soil water content decreased with the increase of soil depth. The diurnal variation of soil temperature in the whole growth period of protected watermelon under film mulching treatment showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing. The soil temperature reached the highest at 14:30. At 10 and 20 cm soil layers, at the highest soil temperature of 14 : 30, T1, T2 and T3 were 5.8(4.0), 3.7(2.4) and 1.9(1.1) ℃ lower than CK, respectively. The decrease of T3 was smaller than that of T1 and T2. In terms of yield, the yield of black fully biodegradable plastic film treatment(T3) increased by 19.38 % compared with CK. Considering the yield, water and heat dynamics and ecological benefits of facility watermelon, black fully biodegradable plastic film can replace ordinary plastic film and be applied to the production of facility watermelon in Weinan area, and can effectively alleviate the soil environmental pollution caused by ordinary plastic film.更多还原