【摘要】 源自植物性中药的生物大分子在天然药物研究中发挥着举足轻重的作用。人参(Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer的根)因其多样的药理活性和广泛的治疗应用而备受关注。本综述重点介绍从人参中提取的特定活性大分子，包括果胶、外泌体、蛋白质和膳食纤维。这些成分具有独特的结构特征和生物活性，为人参的多方面应用提供了新的见解。为了系统地评估这一领域，我们回顾了过去60年间发表的文献，确定了119项调查人参生物大分子的结构组成、药理活性和潜在应用的相关研究。本综述强调了人参生物大分子在促进健康和增强抗病能力方面的重要作用，综合了有关人参药理作用的最新研究成果，为临床药物开发提供了新的视角和有力的理论支持。更多还原

【Abstract】 Biomacromolecules derived from plant-based traditional Chinese medicines play a pivotal role in natural drug research. Ginseng, the root of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer, has attracted significant attention due to its diverse pharmacological activities and broad therapeutic applications. This review focuses on specific active macromolecules obtained from ginseng, including pectin, exosomes, proteins, and dietary fibers. These components possess unique structural characteristics and biological activities that offer novel insights into the multifaceted applications of ginseng. To systematically assess this field, we reviewed literature published over the past 60 years and identified 119 relevant studies investigating the structural composition, pharmacological activity, and potential applications of P. ginseng biomacromolecules. By highlighting their crucial role in promoting health and enhancing disease resistance, this review synthesizes the latest research findings on ginseng’s pharmacological effects, providing new perspectives and strong theoretical support for clinical drug development.更多还原