【摘要】 小麦产量对于确保我国粮食安全和推动农业可持续发展具有极其重要的作用。本试验采用裂区试验设计，主区因素为密度(D1:375万株·hm^-2;D2:300万株·hm^-2;D3:225万株·hm^-2),副区因素为行距（S1:10 cm; S2:15 cm; S3:20 cm）,研究不同密度和行距处理对小麦（山农28）群体数、叶片叶绿素相对含量（SPAD值）、干物质积累转运及产量的影响。结果表明，在相同密度下，小麦上三叶SPAD总值随行距增大而减小；D1密度下不同行距处理小麦群体数均大于D3密度，D2密度下群体数总体表现为S1>S2>S3;不同密度下，行距对群体数存在显著影响。随着行距的增大，小麦单位面积穗数减少，穗粒数增加，千粒重整体呈增加趋势；密度对小麦产量影响的表现为D1>D2>D3,D1S1处理小麦产量较D3S3（常规处理）增产18.08%且差异显著，同时，D1S1处理小麦花前干物质转运量和转运率分别较D3S3提高186.48%和112.48%且均达显著水平，花后干物质积累量提高11.59%但差异不显著。综上可知，本试验条件下，小麦获得高产的最佳密度、行距组合为375万株·hm^-2、10 cm。更多还原

【Abstract】 Wheat yield plays an extremely important role in ensuring food security and promoting sustainable development of agriculture in China. This experiment adopted a split-plot design with different densities(D1: 3.75 million plants per hectare; D2: 3.00 million plants per hectare; D3: 2.25 million plants per hectare) as the main plot factors, and row spacings(S1:10 cm; S2:15 cm; S3:20 cm) as the subplot factors. The effects of different density and row spacing treatments on population number, relative content of leaf chlorophyll(SPAD value), dry matter accumulation and transport, and yield of wheat(Shannong 28). The results showed that under the same density treatment, the total SPAD value of the upper three leaves of wheat decreased with the increase of row spacing; the population number of wheat under D1 density was greater than that under D3 density, and that under D2 density showed S1>S2 > S3. Under different density conditions, row spacing had a significant effect on population number. With the increase of row spacing, the spike number per unit area decreased, the number of grains per spike increased, and the thousand-grain weight showed an overall increasing trend. The effect of density on wheat yield was D1 > D2 > D3. The yield of wheat under D1S1 treatment was 18.08% higher than that of D3S3(the conventional treatment) and the difference was significant. At the same time, the dry matter transport amount and rate before flowering of wheat under D1S1 treatment were 186.48% and 112.48% higher than those of D3S3 at significant level, and the dry matter accumulation after flowering was 11.59% higher than that of D3S3 with the difference not significant. In conclusion, under the experimental conditions, the optimal density and row spacing combination for achieving high wheat yield was 3.75 million plants per hectare and 10 cm.更多还原