【摘要】 医药短缺是影响新四军生存、发展和壮大的重要难题。抗战初期，新四军积极筹建西医人才队伍，拓宽西药获取渠道，使医药困难得以暂时缓解。皖南事变后，由于日伪实行医药管制，新四军西医西药获取渠道严重受阻，致使医药困境再度加剧。基于此，新四军遵循中共中央方针，结合自身实践经验，破除中西医门户之见，形成独具特色的中医药政策。中医药政策的制定，是新四军在极端困境下采取的应急之策。新四军通过筛选与培养中医人才扩充医疗队伍，甄别与利用中草药缓解西药短缺，使处于弱势地位的中医药为抗战事业提供了不可或缺的医疗保障。对中医药的改造与运用，是新四军华中抗日根据地在医药卫生领域践行“自力更生”策略的重要体现。新四军的中医药实践展现了军部与其所属部队在医疗卫生工作中的多维互动，体现了各部队医疗卫生实践的同一性与特殊性。更多还原

【Abstract】 The shortage of medical supplies was a significant challenge that affected the survival, development and growth of the New Fourth Army. In the early stage of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the New Fourth Army actively established a team of Western medical professionals and expanded the channels for obtaining Western medicine, which temporarily alleviated the medical supply difficulties. After the Southern Anhui Incident, due to the Japanese and puppet regime’s control over medical supplies, the New Fourth Army’s access to Western medicine was severely blocked, leading to a further aggravation of the medical supply crisis. In response, the New Fourth Army followed the guidelines of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and, based on its own practical experience, broke down the barriers between traditional Chinese and Western medicine, thus forming a unique policy on traditional Chinese medicine. The formulation of this policy was an emergency measure taken by the New Fourth Army under extreme circumstances. By screening and training traditional Chinese medical professionals to expand the medical team and identifying and utilizing traditional Chinese herbal medicines to alleviate the shortage of Western medicine, the New Fourth Army utilized traditional Chinese medicine, which was in a disadvantaged position, to provide indispensable medical support for the war effort. The transformation and application of traditional Chinese medicine was an important manifestation of the “self-reliance” strategy in the field of medical and health care in the New Fourth Army and its military bases in Central China. The practice of traditional Chinese medicine by the New Fourth Army demonstrated the multi-dimensional interaction between the army headquarters and its subordinate units in medical and health work and reflected the unity and diversity of medical and health practices among various units.更多还原