【摘要】 目的：为江苏沿海造林所需乌桕（Sapium sebiferum）树种的保护和利用提供基础。方法：以江苏省内5个地区天然群体的146个个体为对象，选用14对SSR引物进行群体的遗传多样性和遗传结构分析。结果：基于乌桕转录组序列搜索SSR位点并设计引物，筛选出47对扩增特异性较好的SSR标记（78.33%），仅有8对引物检测到多态性产物，多态性扩增比例为13.33%。结合已公布的6对多态性SSR标记，使用14对引物对146个样本共检测出78个多态性位点，平均观测杂合度为0.672 6；平均期望杂合度为0.582 7;Nei基因多样度平均为0.474 8;Shannon指数平均为1.154 1，筛选出的14对SSR引物具有丰富的多态性。5个群体中遗传距离为0.038 7～0.519 3，遗传相似度为0.595 0～0.962 1，基因流（Nm）平均为0.836。遗传变异主要存在于群体内部，占比76.97%,23.03%的变异来自群体间。赣榆大吴山（W）群体表现出明显的遗传分化，说明该地的乌桕群体与其他地区群体有着不同来源。结论：赣榆大吴山的乌桕群体遗传多样性水平较高，并有着独特的遗传背景，应对其进行充分保护及合理利用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective: The study aimed to provide a basis for the protection and development of Sapium sebiferum tree species for coastal afforestation in Jiangsu. Methods: The genetic diversity and genetic structure of 146 natural populations of S. sebiferum from five regions in Jiangsu were analyzed using 14 SSR markers. Results: SSR loci were searched, and primers were designed based on the known transcriptome sequences of S. sebiferum. A total of 47 SSR markers were identified, 78.33% of which produced specific bands. However, only 8 markers were selected for further experiments due to their polymorphism, with a polymorphism rate of 13.33%. Six polymorphic SSR markers were combined, and 78 polymorphic sites were detected using the 14 SSR primers. The average observed heterozygosity was 0.672 6, the average expected heterozygosity was 0.582 7, the average Nei’s gene diversity was 0.474 8, and the average Shannon’s information index was 1.154 1. The 14 SSR primers exhibited rich polymorphism. Among the five populations, the genetic distance ranged from 0.038 7 to 0.519 3, genetic similarity ranged from 0.595 0 to 0.962 1, and the average gene flow(Nm) was 0.836. Genetic variation was primarily found within populations(76.97%), while 23.03% of the variation occurred among populations. The Dawushan(W) population in Ganyu exhibited significant genetic differentiation from other populations, suggesting a distinct genetic origin compared to other regions. Conclusion: The genetic diversity of S. sebiferum in the Dawushan of Ganyu was found to be high, with a unique genetic background. This population should be fully protected and utilized.更多还原