【摘要】 研究不同催化剂在铝-水（Al-H₂O）反应中对Al（OH）₃晶体形貌及其生长机理的作用。采用NaOH、KOH、四甲基胍（TMG）和四甲基氢氧化铵（TMAH）作为催化剂进行反应，原位观察产物的演化过程。结果表明，反应120 min后得到的产物分别具有六棱柱形、六棱长柱状、长棒状和不规则棒状。在NaOH和KOH体系中，产物为三水铝石，三水铝石在NaOH体系中主要沿（110）、（001）和（100）晶面生长，而在KOH体系中主要沿（100）、（102）和（110）晶面生长。在TMG和TMAH体系中，产物是拜耳石，拜耳石在这两个体系中均沿（110）、（111）和（001）晶面生长。其中，三水铝石的Al—O键较多，有利于柱状晶体的形成。更多还原

【Abstract】 The morphologies of Al（OH）₃ crystals prepared via the Al-H₂O reactions with various catalysts and the growth mechanisms of these crystals were investigated. The reaction was carried out with NaOH, KOH, tetramethylguanidine（TMG）, and tetramethylammonium hydroxide（TMAH） as catalysts. The evolution of the obtained product was observed in situ, and the products obtained after 120 min of reaction have the shapes of the hexagonal prism, long-hexagonal prism, long rod, and irregular rod, respectively. In the Na OH and KOH systems, the products are gibbsite, and the gibbsite crystals grow along the（110）,（001）, and（100） faces in the NaOH system, and the（100）,（102）, and（110） faces in the KOH system. However, in the TMG and TMAH systems, the products are bayerite, and the bayerite crystals grow along the（110）,（111）, and（001） faces. It is worth mentioning that gibbsite has more Al—O bonds than bayerite, giving rise to the formation of columnar crystals.更多还原