【摘要】 功能性消化不良是儿童常见的慢性消化系统疾病，表现为上腹不适、腹胀、食欲不振和反酸等症状。其发病机制复杂，包括胃肠动力障碍、内脏高敏感性及脑-肠轴失调等多重因素。中医学认为“脾虚为本”是功能性消化不良的核心病机：脾虚不运导致湿浊内生和气机阻滞，引发胃肠动力障碍与内脏高敏感性；脾虚不升影响脾胃消化吸收、气血生成，加剧肠道菌群失调，扰乱脑-肠轴调控。中医治疗功能性消化不良包括健脾、运脾、醒脾、理脾等治法：健脾化湿以健运脾气、化湿除滞；运脾助运以促脾胃运化，消食化积；醒脾开胃以芳香醒脾，悦脾开胃；理脾通滞以调气机升降，宽中解郁。这些疗法与现代医学中调节胃肠动力、降低内脏敏感性和平衡脑-肠轴的理念高度一致。本研究从“脾虚为本”出发，系统探讨了功能性消化不良的病理机制与中西医结合治疗策略，揭示了脾胃功能、脑-肠轴及肠道菌群之间的复杂关系，为儿童功能性消化不良治疗提供了理论依据和指导。更多还原

【Abstract】 Functional dyspepsia(FD) is a common chronic gastrointestinal disorder in children, characterized by symptoms such as upper abdominal discomfort, abdominal distension, poor appetite, and acid regurgitation.The pathogenesis of FD is complex, involving multiple factors such as gastrointestinal motility disorders, visceral hypersensitivity, and brain-gut axis dysfunction.In traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),it is believed that the theory of "spleen deficiency as the root" is the core pathological mechanism.Specifically, spleen deficiency impairs the normal flow of qi, leading to the accumulation of dampness and stagnation, which brings about gastrointestinal motility issues and visceral hypersensitivity.Furthermore, spleen dysfunction weakens qi and hinders digestive absorption and blood production, worsening gut microbiota imbalances and disrupting brain-gut axis regulation.The TCM treatment strategy for FD involves four key approaches: strengthening the spleen, regulating spleen qi, activating spleen function, and balancing qi flow.Strengthening the spleen and eliminating dampness enhances gastrointestinal motility and removes stagnation.Regulating spleen qi improves digestion and relieves food retention.Activating spleen function restores healthy digestion and absorption.Balancing qi flow ensures smooth coordination of qi ascending and descending to relieve stagnation.These TCM methods align closely with modern medical strategies of regulating gastrointestinal motility, reducing visceral hypersensitivity, and balancing brain-gut axis.This study systematically explores the pathogenesis of FD and the treatment strategy of integrating TCM with modern medicine from the perspective of "spleen deficiency as the root".It highlights the intricate interactions among spleen function, the brain-gut axis, and gut microbiota.This research provides theoretical foundation and guidance for the treatment of children with FD.更多还原