【摘要】 为研究犬食物过敏性皮炎患部病原菌分布和耐药性特点，本试验在中国农业大学动物医院收集12例犬食物过敏病例和28例犬非食物过敏病例，通过测定细菌DNA序列鉴定患部病原菌，分析病原菌分布情况；选取优势病原菌，通过Kirby-Bauer纸片琼脂扩散法进行药物敏感性试验，通过PCR测定耐药基因。结果显示，本试验中犬食物过敏病例的患部病原菌主要为葡萄球菌属和芽孢杆菌属，以革兰阳性菌为主，优势病原菌为伪中间型葡萄球菌。犬食物过敏病例分离菌株属于10个菌属，17个菌种；犬非食物过敏病例分离菌株属于19个菌属，39个菌种。24株伪中间型葡萄球菌分离株对亚胺培南、阿米卡星、阿莫西林-克拉维酸和头孢唑林的敏感性高(均高于90.0%),对青霉素G和氨苄西林高度耐药(均高于95.0%),检测出携带率最高的耐药基因为大环内酯类erm(C)和β-内酰胺类bla_Z,携带率最低的耐药基因为氨基糖苷类aac(6′)-aph(2″)。在犬食物过敏病例中，通过检测β-内酰胺类mecA基因确定耐甲氧西林伪中间型葡萄球菌(MRSP)21株，占比87.5%;甲氧西林敏感伪中间型葡萄球菌(MSSP)3株，仅占比12.5%。结果表明，与犬非食物过敏病例相比，犬食物过敏病例的患部病原菌菌属和菌种多样性较差；临床中犬食物过敏病例的病原菌具有耐药趋势，应合理使用抗菌药物。本试验可丰富临床上犬食物过敏性皮炎的病例资料和病原学资料。更多还原

【Abstract】 To investigate the distribution and drug resistance characteristics of pathogens in canine food allergy dermatitis, this study collected samples from 12 dogs with food allergies and 28 dogs with non-food allergies at the China Agricultural University Veterinary Teaching Hospital. Bacterial DNA sequencing was used to identify the pathogens, and their distribution was analyzed. Dominant pathogens were selected for drug sensitivity testing using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method and drug resistance genes were determined by PCR. The results showed that the main pathogens in the food allergy cases were Staphylococcus and Bacillus species, predominantly Gram-positive bacteria, with Staphylococcus pseudintermedius being the most common. In food allergy cases, isolates belonged to 10 genera and 17 species, while in non-food allergy cases, isolates belonged to 19 genera and 39 species. Of the 24 Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolates, there was high sensitivity to imipenem, amikacin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, and cefazolin(all over 90.0%), and high resistance to penicillin G and ampicillin(both over 95.0%). The most common resistance genes detected were macrolide erm(C) and β-lactam bla_Z, while the least common was aminoglycoside aac(6′)-aph(2″). In the food allergy cases, 21 of 24 isolates were methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius(MRSP), accounting for 87.5%, while 3 isolates were methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus pseudintermedius(MSSP), accounting for 12.5%. The results indicate that, compared to non-food allergy cases, food allergy cases have lower diversity in pathogen genera and species. There is a trend towards drug resistance in pathogens from food allergy cases, highlighting the need for appropriate drug use. This study enriches the clinical and microbiological data on canine food allergy dermatitis.更多还原