【摘要】 脑机接口作为一种大脑和外部设备之间的双向通信系统，在增强脑功能、人机交互和神经康复方面得到了广泛应用。基于光遗传学技术的脑机接口，弥补了电极刺激在生物兼容性、刺激精度与细胞类型特异性上的缺陷，成为神经工程领域的研究热点。综述了光遗传学脑机接口在动物实验中的应用，以及在闭环调控脑区活动、反馈虚拟感觉和脑-脑交互等方面取得的研究进展；介绍了集成化和微型化新型光遗传学接口的研究前沿；总结了光遗传学脑机接口面临的挑战，以及探讨在多模态脑活动监测和脑-机智能等方向的发展前景。更多还原

【Abstract】 As bidirectional communication systems between human brains and external devices, brain-computer interfaces(BCIs) have been widely employed in brain function enhancement, human-computer interaction and nerve rehabilitation. BCIs based on optogenetics remedy for the deficits of electrode stimulation in biological compatibility, stimulation accuracy and cell type specificity, thus becoming a hotspot in the research of neural engineering. In this review, we first described the application of optogenetic interfaces in animal experiments such as closed-loop control of brain activity, virtual sensation feedback, or brain-brain information channel. Subsequently, frontiers of novel integrated and miniaturized optogenetic interfaces were summarized. At last, we recapitulated the current challenges of optogenetic brain-computer interfaces, along with the prospects of optogenetic interface in multimodal brain activity monitoring and brain-computer intelligence.更多还原