【摘要】 特许经营制度是推动国家公园高效经营、实现永续利用的科学工具，对于满足访客生态体验需求、培育社区可替代生计、平衡资源保护与社区发展的矛盾关系等均具有重要意义。为了解决特许经营制度在国家公园试点阶段暴露出的协商渠道受限、利益分配不合理、社会组织力量薄弱等现实问题，亟需对特许经营合作机制进行深入探讨。基于利益相关者理论，从社会嵌入视角出发，对三江源国家公园特许经营机制进行深入的社会网络分析；构建国家公园特许经营嵌入性分析框架，探讨利益相关者在政策、认知、文化、生计各维度的社会网络位置、作用及其合作机制。研究发现：在不同社会嵌入维度，利益相关者角色位置存在差异；国家公园社区居民、管理机构、特许经营企业在政策、认知、文化和生计四个维度的社会网络中均处于核心层；非政府组织在不同利益相关者之间发挥强中介作用；在基于社会嵌入的国家公园特许经营合作机制模型下，不同利益相关者关注点存在差异；文化嵌入对政策嵌入和认知嵌入具有正向调节作用；政策嵌入对生计嵌入的影响具有两面性；认知嵌入是生计嵌入的先导条件。因此，特许经营制度必须充分协调各方利益诉求，鼓励多种社会力量参与合作，探索多元化的特许经营模式。研究结果可为在中国西部地区国家公园体系建立更为科学和适应中国国情的特许经营制度提供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a scientific tool for promoting the effective management and sustainable use of national parks, the concession system is essential to satisfying visitor desire for ecological experiences, fostering alternative livelihoods for communities, and attaining an appropriate equilibrium between resource conservation and community development. There is an urgent need to conduct an extensive review of the concession cooperation mechanism in order to tackle the real-world concerns of constrained consultation channels, arbitrary benefit distribution, and weak social organizations that have been identified during the pilot phase of the concession system in national parks. The study examines the social network of the Sanjiangyuan National Park concession operation mechanism from the standpoint of social embedding, in accordance with the stakeholder theory. In order to explore stakeholder social network positions and roles in policy,cognitive, cultural, and livelihood aspects as well as their cooperative mechanisms, an analytical framework for the embeddedness of national park concessions is developed. The research demonstrated that various social embeddedness dimensions have different stakeholder role positions; park residents, management organizations, and concessionaires are at the core level of social networks for policy, cognitive, cultural, and livelihood dimensions. NGOs play a strong intermediary role among different stakeholders. Under the model of national park concession cooperation mechanism based on social embeddedness, there are differences in the concerns of different stakeholders under different interest demands. Cultural embedding has a positive moderating effect on policy embedding and cognitive embedding. The impact of policy embedding on livelihood embedding is two-sided. Cognitive embedding is a precursor to livelihood embeddedness. Therefore, the concession system must fully coordinate the interests and demands of all parties, encourage the participation and cooperation of various social forces, and explore diversified concession models. The findings of this study can provide a foundation for establishing a more rigorous and locally tailored concession system in western China’s national park system.更多还原