【摘要】 通过土壤培养试验，评估了水泥、锰磷改性生物炭和锰磷改性谷壳灰在0%、1%、2%、4%4个施用量下对铅冶炼场地土壤pH以及Cd、Pb和微量元素（Zn、Fe和Mn）有效态含量的影响。研究结果显示：随着水泥施用量的提高，铅冶炼场地土壤pH显著提高，Cd和Pb有效性逐渐降低，水泥处理济源某冶炼场地和株洲某冶炼场地土壤pH分别提高0.89～1.84和0.89～1.76个单位，DTPA-Cd含量分别降低34.3%～53.1%(P<0.05)和59.6%～73.2%(P<0.05),DTPA-Pb含量分别降低21.6%～44.7%(P<0.05)和38.4%～44.3%(P<0.05)。随着锰磷改性生物炭和锰磷改性谷壳灰施用量的提高，铅冶炼场地土壤pH与Cd和Pb有效性均逐渐降低。4%锰磷改性生物炭处理两铅冶炼场地土壤p H分别降低0.51（济源）和0.40（株洲）个单位，DTPA-Cd含量显著降低18.0%（济源）和39.8%（株洲），DTPA-Pb含量显著降低37.8%（济源）和63.1%（株洲）。4%锰磷改性谷壳灰处理两铅冶炼场地土壤p H分别降低0.70（济源）和0.23（株洲）个单位，DTPA-Cd含量显著降低14.9%（济源）和30.2%（株洲），DTPA-Pb含量显著降低37.3%（济源）和54.1%（株洲）。4%水泥处理两铅冶炼场地土壤DTPA-Zn含量分别显著降低36.5%（济源）和59.4%（株洲），DTPA-Fe含量分别显著提高122.7%（济源）和142.9%（株洲），DTPA-Mn含量分别显著降低13.8%（济源）和69.1%（株洲）。4%锰磷改性生物炭处理土壤DTPA-Zn含量显著提高48.7%（济源），DTPA-Mn含量分别显著提高409.7%（济源）和538.6%（株洲），DTPA-Fe含量分别显著降低33.4%（济源）和30.7%（株洲）。4%锰磷改性谷壳灰处理土壤DTPA-Zn含量显著提高63.0%（济源），DTPA-Mn含量分别显著提高290.3%（济源）和73.5%（株洲），DTPA-Fe含量分别显著降低9.5%（济源）和12.0%（株洲）。3种钝化材料降低两铅冶炼场地Cd有效性顺序均为水泥>锰磷改性生物炭>锰磷改性谷壳灰，降低Pb有效性顺序分别为水泥>锰磷改性生物炭>锰磷改性谷壳灰（济源）和锰磷改性生物炭>锰磷改性谷壳灰>水泥（株洲）。研究建议根据铅冶炼场地的具体Cd和Pb污染特征选择合适的钝化材料，以实现对土壤Cd和Pb的有效同步钝化。更多还原

【Abstract】 A soil incubation experiment was conducted to study the effects of cement,Mn-P modified biochar and Mn-P modified rice husk ash on soil pH and the available concentration of Cd,Pb and trace elements (Zn,Fe and Mn) in lead smelting site soils under four application rates of 0%,1%,2%and 4%.The results showed that with the increase of cement application rate,the pH of the lead smelting site soils significantly increased,and the availability of Cd and Pb decreased gradually.The soil p H of a smelting site in Jiyuan and a smelting site in Zhuzhou treated with cement increased by 0.89-1.84 and 0.89-1.76 units,respectively.The DTPA-Cd concentration treated with cement decreased by 34.3%-53.1%(P<0.05) and 59.6%-73.2%(P<0.05),and DTPA-Pb concentration decreased by 21.6%-44.7%(P<0.05) and 38.4%-44.3%(P<0.05),respectively.With the increase of application rates of Mn-P modified biochar and Mn-P modified rice husk ash,the soil pH,and Cd and Pb availability in lead smelting sites gradually decreased.The treatment of 4%Mn-P modified biochar reduced the soil pH of two lead smelting sites by 0.51 (Jiyuan) and 0.40 (Zhuzhou) units,respectively.The DTPA-Cd concentration significantly decreased by 18.0%(Jiyuan) and 39.8%(Zhuzhou),and DTPA-Pb concentration significantly decreased by 37.8%(Jiyuan) and 63.1%(Zhuzhou).The soil pH value of the two lead smelting sites treated with 4%Mn-P modified rice husk ash decreased by 0.70 (Jiyuan) and 0.23(Zhuzhou) units,respectively.The DTPA-Cd concentration significantly decreased by 14.9%(Jiyuan) and30.2%(Zhuzhou),and the DTPA-Pb concentration significantly decreased by 37.3%(Jiyuan) and 54.1%(Zhuzhou).The DTPA-Zn concentration in the soil of two lead smelting sites treated with 4%cemen significantly decreased by 36.5%(Jiyuan) and 59.4%(Zhuzhou),respectively,and the DTPA-Fe concentration significantly increased by 122.7%(Jiyuan) and 142.9%(Zhuzhou),and the DTPA-Mn concentration significantly decreased by 13.8%(Jiyuan) and 69.1%(Zhuzhou),respectively.The treatment of 4%Mn-P modified biochar significantly increased the soil DTPA-Zn concentration by 48.7%(Jiyuan),and the DTPA-Mn concentration significantly increased by 409.7%(Jiyuan) and 538.6%(Zhuzhou),and the DTPA-Fe concentration significantly decreased by 33.4%(Jiyuan) and 30.7%(Zhuzhou),respectively.The treatment of4%Mn-P modified rice husk ash significantly increased the soil DTPA-Zn concentration by 63.0%(Jiyuan)and the DTPA-Mn concentration significantly increased by 290.3%(Jiyuan) and 73.5%(Zhuzhou),and the DTPA-Fe concentration significantly decreased by 9.5%(Jiyuan) and 12.0%(Zhuzhou),respectively.The order of reducing Cd availability of three passivation materials in two lead smelting sites was cement>Mn-P modified biochar>Mn-P modified rice husk ash,and the order of reducing Pb availability was cement>Mn-P modified biochar>Mn-P modified rice husk ash (Jiyuan) and Mn-P modified biochar>Mn-P modified rice husk ash>cement (Zhuzhou).It was necessary to select suitable passivation materials based on the Cd and Pb pollution characteristics of lead smelting sites to achieve synchronous immobilization of soil Cd and Pb.更多还原