【摘要】 为研究横风效应对突然驶出隧道过程中高速列车气动特性的影响，基于列车流场的三维、可压缩性的非定常特性，建立隧道-列车-横风三维数值模模型，研究横风效应对驶出隧道过程中高速列车流场分布和列车表面压力的影响，揭示列车气动荷载变化机理。通过与动模型试验结果进行对比，验证数值模拟的合理性。研究结果表明：横风下列车驶出隧道过程中流场分布具有显著空间效应，受列车与隧道相互作用影响，隧道出口附近流场具有明显非定常特性；相较于无风情形，横风下列车底部压力变化幅值增大60%，列车迎风面、顶部压力变化幅值分别增大38.1%和28.6%，背风面压力变化幅值差异为4.8%，背风面压力分布受横风影响最小；横风效应导致列车气动特性发生显著变化，气动荷载变化幅值远比无风情形的大，无风时尾车横向力、升力变化幅值最大，横风作用下头车横向力变化幅值最大，倾覆风险最大。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to study the influence of crosswind effects on the aerodynamic characteristics of high-speed trains(HST) in the process of exiting tunnels, a 3D numerical model including tunnel, train and crosswind was established based on the three-dimensional, compressible and unsteady characteristics of the flow field. The influence of crosswind effects on the distribution of the flow field and the pressure on the train surfaces in the process of exiting the tunnel was analyzed, and the mechanism of the aerodynamic load change was revealed. The numerical simulation was verified by comparison with the moving model test results. The results show that significant spatial effects of the flow field distribution exists during a train exiting a tunnel under crosswind, and the flow field near the tunnel outlet exits obvious unsteady characteristics. Compared with the non-crosswind, the pressure variation amplitude of the bottom of the train under crosswind increases by 60%, the pressure variation amplitude of the windward side and the top of the train increases by 38.1% and 28.6%, respectively, the pressure variation amplitude of the leeward side varies by 4.8%, and the pressure distribution of the leeward side is least affected by crosswind. The pressure distribution of the train under crosswind is least influenced by crosswind, and the pressure distribution of the train surfaces is least influenced by crosswind. The pressure distribution is minimized by the crosswind; the crosswind effect leads to significant changes in the aerodynamic characteristics of the train, and the magnitude of the aerodynamic load change is much larger than that of the aerodynamic characteristics of the train changes significantly effected by crosswind effects, and the change magnitude of aerodynamic loads are much larger than that of the non-wind condition. In the non-wind condition, the change amplitude of the side force and lift of the tail vehicle are the largest. In the contrast the change amplitude of the side force of the head vehicle is the largest under crosswind, and the overturning risk is the largest.更多还原