【摘要】 针对低密度酚醛树脂基烧蚀材料的热响应行为，基于阿伦尼乌斯方程和傅里叶传热定律，耦合热解反应、热量传递、热阻塞效应、表面烧蚀等多重因素，构建出一维热响应数值模型。采用有限差分法进行离散化处理，通过Python程序实现了数值求解，并与热响应程序PATO结果、电弧风洞试验结果对比，验证了模型的计算精度。在此基础上，采用单一变量考察法预测了材料比热容、热导率、热解反应参数、厚度变化对防隔热性能的影响。结果表明，增大材料比热容可以同时降低材料的表温与背温，但是受限于热阻塞效应的减弱，温度变化幅度较小；增大材料热导率会降低表温而升高背温，相较于比热容，热导率对背温的影响更为显著；增大材料活化能会同时升高表温与背温，但是反应级数和指前因子对温度影响有限；增大材料厚度可以有效降低背温，但是对上层材料传热影响较小，因此表温基本不变。更多还原

【Abstract】 A high-precision one-dimensional thermal response model of low-density phenolic resin-based ablative materials is established, utilizing the Arrhenius equation and Fourier’s law. By encompassing various factors, such as pyrolysis reaction, heat transfer, thermal blockage effect and surface ablation, by applying the finite difference method for discretization, numerical and by searching computed solutions through Python, the accuracy of the model under heat flow conditions is confirmed by comparing the results with PATO program and arc-jet wind tunnel test. Based on the test results, the effects of heat capacity, thermal conductivity, pyrolysis kinetics, and thickness of the material on the thermal response process are investigated with the single-variable method. The results show that increased heat capacity can lower surface and bottom temperatures, albeit with a limited range due to the diminished thermal blockage effect. The increase of thermal conductivity can lower surface temperature while increasing bottom temperature, achieving a more significant impact on thermal response compared with heat capacity. The increase of thickness can effectively lower the bottom temperature with minimal impact on the surface temperature.更多还原