【摘要】 极低温制冷技术(<1 K)是前沿物理研究和量子技术等领域重要的支撑技术，目前主要包括吸附制冷、稀释制冷和绝热去磁制冷。吸附制冷受限于其蒸发制冷的原理，最低温高于200 mK,而稀释制冷和绝热去磁制冷可以获得10 mK以下的最低温。前者能够在20～100 mK提供较大连续冷量，而后者基于固态制冷，可以在空间微重力下高效运行。本文主要简要介绍了这3种技术的原理、发展历史以及技术展望。更多还原

【Abstract】 Sub-Kelvin refrigeration technology(<1 K) is a critical supporting technology for cutting-edge physics research and quantum technology. Currently, it mainly includes adsorption refrigeration, dilution refrigeration, and adiabatic demagnetization refrigeration. Adsorption refrigeration is limited by its evaporative cooling principle, with the lowest temperature higher than 200 mK. Dilution refrigeration and adiabatic demagnetization refrigeration can achieve temperatures below 10 mK. The former can provide a larger continuous cooling capacity between 20 mK and 100 mK, while the latter, based on solid-state refrigeration, can operate efficiently under a microgravity environment. This article briefly introduces the principles, development history, and technical prospects of these three technologies.更多还原