【摘要】 从清代徽州分家书可知，寡居女性家庭养老的供给内容主要包括物资、银钱和饭食。提供物资最常出现，且会受到家产结构和家庭经济模式的影响。口粮多通过将部分田产作为寡母口食田，以及诸子直接给与来实现；寡母对口食田的处理方式，包括自耕自收、儿子耕种或由儿子代为管理、寡母自己收租。银钱由诸子均出，或由产业所得者、管理者承担。饭食由诸子直接供给，轮流供应。寡母所得某类型家产占对应类型家产总额的10%—30%,并不与诸子等额。寡母身后之事的资费来源于膳产或众产的土地，未有膳产、众产的家庭，由诸子或某子承担。寡母离世后的剩余或遗留产业多采取诸子再次均分。家产诸子均分下，寡母的养老承担也遵循均分均摊的原则。分家书是清代徽州寡母家庭养老的保障。更多还原

【Abstract】 It is clear from the documents of family partition of Huizhou families in the Qing dynasty that elderly support for families of widowed women mainly included supply of goods, money and food. Supply of goods was the most commonly seen way of support. Property structure and the economic model of the household influenced the type of supply of goods. The rations for widowed mothers mainly came from two sources: by cultivating a share of the farmland of the divided family property or by taking the rations directly from their children. The farmland could be cultivated and harvested by widowed mother herself or she could let the son manage it on her behalf or she could collect the rent herself. In the case of money, it was given by all the sons or by the earners and managers of the property. Food was provided in turns by sons directly. The share of the widowed mother was between 5% to 30% of the total family property, which was not equal to that of all the children. The expenses of formalities after death of the widowed mother came from the cultivated farmland or public property. In the cases of families without cultivated farmland or public property, all sons or a particular son bore the expenses. After the death of the widowed mother, the remaining property was equally divided among the sons.The elderly support of widowed mothers also followed the principle of equal distribution. The documents of family partition were the guarantee of the widowed mother’s elderly support.更多还原