【摘要】 暴雨灾害给城市正常运转带来了巨大挑战，道路交通由于直接暴露在户外、承载多种出行方式和海量刚需活动，需要重点关注与积极应对。该研究以北京五环内为研究区，使用精细的道路拥堵数据，从时空维度评价了2021年北京最大暴雨事件及多种应对措施下的交通状况。结果表明：(1)道路拥堵在常态下具有鲜明的日际、周际规律，而降雨和应对措施会导致极其显著的变化；(2)拥堵变化的时间序列呈现对勾形态，即暴雨当日拥堵缓解，而前后日拥堵加重，体现了应对措施的阶段性效果；(3)城市内部的拥堵变化具有空间异质性，暴雨当日北部和东部地区的拥堵大幅缓解，而次日拥堵整体加重且高度聚集；(4)分时段分区域统计显示，早高峰和环线的拥堵变化最为强烈；(5)相关性分析识别了应对措施的有效作用对象，证实了众多行业部门对于暴雨预警的积极响应以及弹性上下班建议的执行成效。研究发现，暴雨应对措施在局部上有效减轻了交通压力，但伴随的拥堵转移现象需要在实施应对措施前被充分考虑。更多还原

【Abstract】 The rainstorm disaster has brought great challenges to global cities. Road traffic often faces high risks because it is directly exposed to the outdoor environment and supports multiple activities,which eagerly necessitates response measures. Using fine congestion data,this research comprehensively evaluates the road traffic changes under a typical event in Beijing city. The results show that:(1)road congestion owns distinct intraday and intraweek patterns,while precipitation and measures bring about significant changes；(2)the congestion change series displays a“√”form,that is,the congestion eases on Monday and aggravates on other days. This phenomenon reflects the process impact brought by response measures；(3)congestion changes within the city reveal obvious spatial heterogeneity. Monday’s decrease is prominent in the north and east,while Tuesday’s increase is widespread and intensely concentrated；(4)spatiotemporal change values are calculated,finding that the morning peak and ring roads alter greatly；(5)targets of rainstorm measures are identified via correlation analysis,confirming the active response of different facilities and the effective implementation of flexible commuting. Our research points out that Beijing’s rainstorm response measures have reduced traffic pressure locally,but the accompanying congestion shifts need to be further considered.更多还原